{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:19:15Z","timestamp":1759882755780,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hospital admissions for pelvic inflammatory disease increased by 8.7% a year among women aged 15-44 in England and Wales between 1966 and 1976. Acute disease was three times as frequent as chronic disease, although admissions for the chronic condition are increasing more rapidly than for the acute. Peak incidence of acute disease is at ages 20-24 and of chronic disease at ages 25-29. Divorced women had the highest rates of both forms. Single women had higher rates of acute disease than married women but the latter had higher admission rates for chronic disease. In general, the pattern of acute disease follows that of sexually transmitted disease. The pattern of chronic disease in turn reflects the long-term effects of acute disease. The increase in chronic disease is of concern because hospital discharge rates are increasing more rapidly than for acute disease, and in 1976 one in every eight cases mentioned infertility in association with the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.35.4.265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:09:01Z","timestamp":1226502541000},"page":"265-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trends in pelvic inflammatory disease in England and Wales."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Beral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J S","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Aspects of the aetiology, diagnosis and prognosis","author":"XWestr6m, L.; salpingitis, Mardh P.A.Acute","year":"1975","unstructured":"XWestr6m L, Mardh PA. Acute salpingitis. Aspects of the aetiology, diagnosis and prognosis. In: Danielsson D, ed. Proceedings ofthe symposium on general infections and their complicatons. Stockholm: Almquist and Wiksell International, 1975: 157-67. 'World Health Organisation. International classification of diseases, 8th revision. Geneva: WHO, 1967. ' World Health Organisation. Internatonal classification of diseases, 7th revision. Geneva: WHO, 1957.","journal-title":"Wiksell International; Proceedings ofthe symposium on general infections and their complicatons. Stockholm: Almquist and"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"and","article-title":"Social Security. Annual reports o3fthe Chief Medical Officer, 1968-70 and 1971-77. On the St fthe Public Health","volume-title":"Studies on medical and population subjects no; 1972-78. 50ffice of Population Censuses and Surveys. 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Acute pelvic inflammatory disease in an indigent population. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968; 101: 979-90.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(77)90051-5","article-title":"Pathogenesis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Role of contraception and other risk factors","volume":"128","author":"Eschenbach, D.A.; Harnisch, J.P.; Holmes, K.K.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Eschenbach DA, Harnisch JP, Holmes KK. Pathogenesis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Role of contraception and other risk factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 128: 838-50.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"\"8","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of sexually transmitted diseases on a university campus","volume":"100","author":"Drusin, L.M.; Magagna, J.; Yano, K.; Ley, A.B.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Drusin LM, Magagna J, Yano K, Ley AB. An epidemiologic study of sexually transmitted diseases on a university campus. Am J Epidemiol 1974; 100: 8-19. 10Hir6 AS, Patiala R. Epidemiology of gonorrhoea in Finland from 1953 to 1955. Br J Vener Dis 1957; 33: 70-7.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol; Epidemiology of gonorrhoea in Finland from 1953 to 1955"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(75)90477-9","article-title":"Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility","volume":"121","author":"Westrom, L.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Westrom L. Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975; 121: 707-13.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref_8","series-title":"Proceedings ofthe symposium on general infections and their complications","first-page":"14","article-title":"Current view of the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States","author":"Wiesner, P.J.; Holmes, K.K.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Wiesner PJ, Holmes KK. Current view of the epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. In: Danielsson D, ed. Proceedings ofthe symposium on general infections and their complications. Stockholm: Almquist and Wiksell International, 1975: 14-24."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197507242930403","article-title":"Polymicrobial aetiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease","volume":"293","author":"Eschenbach, D.A.; Buchanan, T.M.; Pollock, H.H.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Eschenbach DA, Buchanan TM, Pollock HH et al. Polymicrobial aetiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1975; 293: 166-71.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"262-71","key":"ref_10","first-page":"\"15Westr6m\" # \"221","article-title":"Association of the intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease: a retrospective pilot study","volume":"100","author":"Targum, S.D.; Wright, N.H.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Targum SD, Wright NH. Association of the intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease: a retrospective pilot study. Am J Epidemiol 1974; 100: 262-71. 15Westr6m L, Bengtsson LP, Mardh PA. The risk of pelvic inflammatory disease among women using intrauterine devices as compared to non-users. Lancet 1976; i: 221-4. \"'World Health Organisation. International classification of diseases, 9th revision. Geneva: WHO, 1977.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol; The risk of pelvic inflammatory disease among women using intrauterine devices as compared to non-users"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.35.4.265","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T11:16:01Z","timestamp":1759835761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.35.4.265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1981,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.35.4.265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.35.4.265","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-005X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-2738"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,12]]}}}