{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:53:41Z","timestamp":1791356021335,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Geographical differences in mortality from cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis within England and Wales are closely related to past differences in infant mortality. This paper examines the separate relations of mortality during 1968-78 with neonatal and post-neonatal mortality during 1911-25. These divisions of infant mortality are indicators of the intrauterine and early postnatal environments respectively. Stroke is related to neonatal mortality and therefore to the intrauterine environment. Prenatal determinants of blood pressure levels may be one mechanism underlying this. Bronchitis is related to postnatal mortality and therefore to the postnatal environment. This may reflect the long term effects of lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood. Ischaemic heart disease is related to both neonatal and post-neonatal mortality and therefore to the intrauterine and postnatal environments. The links may include blood pressure and as yet unknown processes established in early postnatal life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.43.3.237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:10:54Z","timestamp":1226502654000},"page":"237-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":308,"title":["The intrauterine and early postnatal origins of cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"D J","family":"Barker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Osmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C M","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Infant mortality, childhood nutrition and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales","volume":"i:","author":"DJP, I.Barker; C, Osmond","year":"1986","unstructured":"I Barker DJP, Osmond C. Infant mortality, childhood nutrition and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales. Lancet 1986; i: 1077-81.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"91","article-title":"Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease?","volume":"31","author":"Forsdahl, A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Forsdahl A. Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? Br J Prev Soc Med 1977; 31: 91-5.","journal-title":"Br J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Living conditions in childhood and coronary heart disease in adulthood","author":"Notkola, V.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Notkola V. Living conditions in childhood and coronary heart disease in adulthood. Helsinki: Finnish Society of Science and Letters, 1985.","journal-title":"Helsinki: Finnish Society of Science and Letters"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.36.1.27","article-title":"Infant diarrhoea and subsequent mortality from heart disease and cancer","volume":"36","author":"Buck, C.; Simpson, H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Buck C, Simpson H. Infant diarrhoea and subsequent mortality from heart disease and cancer. J Epidemiol Community Health 1982; 36: 27-30.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Thirty-ninth annual report 1909-10. Supplement on infant and child mortality","author":"Board, Local Government","year":"1910","unstructured":"Local Government Board. Thirty-ninth annual report 1909-10. Supplement on infant and child mortality. London: HMSO, 1910."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6590.83","article-title":"Death rates from stroke in England and Wales predicted from past maternal mortality","volume":"295","author":"Barker, D.J.P.; Osmond, C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Barker DJP, Osmond C. Death rates from stroke in England and Wales predicted from past maternal mortality. Br Med J 1987; 295: 83-6.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales","volume":"293","author":"Barker, D.J.P.; Osmond, C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Barker DJP, Osmond C. Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales. Br Med J 1986; 293: 1271-5. 8General Register Office. Registrar General's statistical reviews of England and Wales 1911 et seq. Part 1.","journal-title":"Br Med J; Registrar General's statistical reviews of England and Wales 1911 et seq. Part 1"},{"key":"ref_8","author":"Tables, medical","unstructured":"Tables, medical. London: HMSO, 1911 et seq."}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.43.3.237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:50:08Z","timestamp":1759513808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.43.3.237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.43.3.237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.43.3.237","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,9]]}}}