{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:34:51Z","timestamp":1761561291786,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim of the study was to determine whether thermography could be used to identify women with breast cancer or women at risk of developing the disease within five years. DESIGN--Women were screened for breast cancer and a documentary follow up was conducted five years later through general practitioner records. SETTING--The project involved Women resident in the Bath District Health Authority area, who were invited to attend a breast screening clinic. SUBJECTS--10,238 women aged between 40 and 65 were screened. Of these, 4284 accepted personal letters of invitation from their general practitioners and 5954 volunteered to take part in the project in response to publicity; 9819 (96.5%) were traced after five years. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--All the women had a thermographic and clinical examination of their breasts. If either examination was abnormal they were referred for mammography. Sensitivity of thermography was found to be 61% and specificity 74%. A documentary follow up of each woman was conducted five years later, when it was found that 71.6% of the women who developed breast cancer had had a normal thermogram at the time of examination, as did 73% of those who did not. CONCLUSIONS--Thermography is not sufficiently sensitive to be used as a screening test for breast cancer, nor is it useful as an indicator of risk of developing the disease within five years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.44.2.112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:10:54Z","timestamp":1226502654000},"page":"112-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Thermography in screening for breast cancer."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"K L","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B H","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P A","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Beaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P J","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Validity of clinical examination and mammography as screening tests for breast cancer","volume":"ii:","author":"Chamberlain, J.; Rogers, P.; Price, J.; Ginks, S.; Nathan, B.; Burn, I.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Chamberlain J, Rogers P, Price J, Ginks S, Nathan B, Burn I. Validity of clinical examination and mammography as screening tests for breast cancer. Lancet 1975; ii: 1026-30.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-49-588-1037","article-title":"Report from the Anglo-Dutch study group on thermographic screening. Recommended procedure for breast examination","volume":"49","author":"Aarts, N.; Davy, J.; Jones, C.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Aarts N, Davy J, Jones C. Report from the Anglo-Dutch study group on thermographic screening. Recommended procedure for breast examination. Br J Radiol 1976; 49: 1037-8.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197607292950504","article-title":"Lack of efficacy of thermography as a screening tool for minimal and stage I breast cancer","volume":"295","author":"Moskowitz, M.; Milbraith, J.; Gartside, P.; Zermeno, A.; Mandel, D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Moskowitz M, Milbraith J, Gartside P, Zermeno A, Mandel D. Lack of efficacy of thermography as a screening tool for minimal and stage I breast cancer. NEnglJMed 1976; 295: 249-52.","journal-title":"NEnglJMed"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"639","article-title":"Report of the Working Group to review","volume":"62","author":"Beahrs 0, Shapiro S, Smart C","year":"1979","unstructured":"Beahrs 0, Shapiro S, Smart C. Report of the Working Group to review the National Cancer Institute-American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Demonstration Projects. J Natl Cancer Inst 1979; 62: 639-709.","journal-title":"the National Cancer Institute-American Cancer Society Breast Cancer Demonstration Projects. J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"175","article-title":"Edinburgh Breast Screening Clinic. Screening for breast cancer","volume":"ii:","unstructured":"Edinburgh Breast Screening Clinic. Screening for breast cancer. Br Med J 1978: ii: 175-8.","journal-title":"Br Med J 1978"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"The case for breast cancer screening","author":"Last, P.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Last PA. The case for breast cancer screening. Pulse 1983; 15 January.","journal-title":"Pulse"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Breast cancer screening. Report of a working group to Health Ministers of","volume-title":"England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland","author":"(Chairman, Forrest P.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Forrest P. (Chairman), Breast cancer screening. Report of a working group to Health Ministers of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1986."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"492","article-title":"Breast thermography and cancer risk prediction","volume":"45","author":"Gautherie, M.; Gros, C.M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gautherie M, Gros CM. Breast thermography and cancer risk prediction. Cancer 1980; 45: 492-500.","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.44.2.112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T11:46:31Z","timestamp":1759837591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.44.2.112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.44.2.112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.44.2.112","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-005X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-2738"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}}}