{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T22:58:41Z","timestamp":1766530721028,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of cancer in Asians living in Bradford. DESIGN--Cancer registrations were obtained from the Yorkshire Regional Cancer Registry for the six year period 1979-1984. Registrations relating to persons of Asian background were extracted using forenames and surnames. Data were analysed by disease category and age and sex specific incidence rates were calculated. These were compared with expected incidence rates for the non-Asian population and with rates for the Indian subcontinent derived from the Bombay Cancer Registry. SETTING--Data collection was confined to the Bradford Metropolitan District, population 449,897 (1981). SUBJECTS--The Asians studied originated from Pakistan (65%), India (28%), Bangladesh (4%), and East Africa (3%). The total Asian population of the Bradford Metropolitan District was approximately 45,000. MAIN RESULTS--Over the study period there were 178 Asian cancer registrations. The overall standardised registration ratio was 53.7 for males (100 cases, 95% confidence interval 43-64), and 43.5 for females (78 cases, 95% CI 34-53). The standardised registration ratios for cancer of the hypopharynx in males and gall bladder in females were significantly raised. There was a particularly low incidence of cancer of the stomach, large bowel, lung, skin, and bladder in males, and of skin, breast, cervix (in situ), and ovary in females. The analyses suggested that lung and breast cancer incidence may be increasing towards the non-Asian level. In situ cancer of cervix in Asians shows no evidence of the high rates found in younger non-Asian age groups. CONCLUSIONS--Lower incidence of many cancers in Asians may be due to lower exposure to major risk factors. Demographic change resulting in increased exposure to these risk factors can be expected to result in an increase in cancer incidence in Asians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.44.2.125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:10:54Z","timestamp":1226502654000},"page":"125-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Incidence of cancer in Bradford Asians."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"R M","family":"Barker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M R","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.38.3.203","article-title":"Occurrence of cancer in Asians and non-Asians","volume":"38","author":"Li, Donaldson; DG, Clayton","year":"1984","unstructured":"Donaldson Li, Clayton DG. Occurrence of cancer in Asians and non-Asians. J Epidemiol Community Health 1984; 38: 203-7.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6453.1185","article-title":"Patterns of mortality among mfigrants to England and Wales from the Indian subcontinent","volume":"289","author":"Balarajan, R.; Bulusu, L.; Adelstein, A.M.; Shukla, V.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Balarajan R, Bulusu L, Adelstein AM, Shukla V. Patterns of mortality among mfigrants to England and Wales from the Indian subcontinent. Br Med J 1984; 289: 1185-7.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Immigrant mortality in England and Wales 1970-78. Studies on Medical and Population Subjects No 47","author":"Marmot, M.G.; Adelstein, A.M.; Bulusu, L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Marmot MG, Adelstein AM, Bulusu L. Immigrant mortality in England and Wales 1970-78. Studies on Medical and Population Subjects No 47. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1984."},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"The ethnic minorities in Bradford: an analysis ofthe 1981 Census","author":"Ballard, R.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ballard R. The ethnic minorities in Bradford: an analysis ofthe 1981 Census. Leeds: Applied Anthropology Group, Department of Psychology, University of Leeds, 1984."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6369.949","article-title":"Patterns of Asian and non-Asian morbidity in hospitals","volume":"286","author":"Donaldson, L.J.; Taylor, J.B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Donaldson LJ, Taylor JB. Patterns of Asian and non-Asian morbidity in hospitals. Br Med a 1983; 286: 949-51.","journal-title":"Br Med a"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"25","article-title":"Ethnic origin: the search for a question","volume":"13","author":"Sillitoe, K.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sillitoe K. Ethnic origin: the search for a question. Popul Trends 1978; 13: 25-30.","journal-title":"Popul Trends"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Cancer incidence infive continents, Vol 4 (IARC Scientific Publications No 42)","author":"Registry, Bombay Cancer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bombay Cancer Registry. Cancer incidence infive continents, Vol 4 (IARC Scientific Publications No 42). Lyon: International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1982."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.38.1.85","article-title":"Simple exact analysis of the standardised mortality ratio","volume":"38","author":"Liddell, F.D.K.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Liddell FDK. Simple exact analysis of the standardised mortality ratio. J Epidemiol Community Health 1984; 38: 85-8.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Cancer occurrence in developing countries. IARC Scientific Publications No 75","author":"Parkin, D.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Parkin DM. Cancer occurrence in developing countries. IARC Scientific Publications No 75. Lyon: International Agency for Research in Cancer, 1986."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"245","article-title":"Incidence of colo-rectal, breast and lung cancer in a Scottish Asian population","volume":"43","author":"Matheson, L.M.; Dunnigan, M.G.; Hole, D.; Gillis, C.R.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Matheson LM, Dunnigan MG, Hole D, Gillis CR. Incidence of colo-rectal, breast and lung cancer in a Scottish Asian population. Health Bull (Edinb) 1985; 43: 245-9.","journal-title":"Health Bull (Edinb)"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/001789698804700407","article-title":"Alcohol and cigarette consumption among white and Asian general practice patients","volume":"47","author":"Ahmad, W.I.U.; Kernohan, E.E.M.; Baker, M.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ahmad WIU, Kernohan EEM, Baker MR. Alcohol and cigarette consumption among white and Asian general practice patients. Health Educ J 1988; 47: 128-9.","journal-title":"Health Educ J"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1969.83","article-title":"Upper alimentary tract cancer in Natal Indians with special reference to the betel-chewing habit","volume":"23","author":"Schonland, M.; Bradshaw, E.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Schonland M, Bradshaw E. Upper alimentary tract cancer in Natal Indians with special reference to the betel-chewing habit. Br J Cancer 1969; 23; 670-82.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1970.2","article-title":"Some observations on oesophageal carcinoma in Ceylon, including its relationship to betel chewing","volume":"24","author":"Stephen, S.J.; Uragoda, C.G.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Stephen SJ, Uragoda CG. Some observations on oesophageal carcinoma in Ceylon, including its relationship to betel chewing. Br J Cancer 1970; 24: 11-15.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.37.5.343","article-title":"Bronchogenic carcinoma in Northern India","volume":"37","author":"Jindal, S.K.; Malik, S.K.; Dhand, R.; Gujral, J.S.; Malik, A.K.; Datta, B.N.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jindal SK, Malik SK, Dhand R, Gujral JS, Malik AK, Datta BN. Bronchogenic carcinoma in Northern India. Thorax 1982; 37: 343-7.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"14","article-title":"Contraceptive services and cervical cytology","volume":"20","author":"MacAvoy, B.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"MacAvoy BR. Contraceptive services and cervical cytology. Health Trends 1988; 20: 14-17.","journal-title":"Health Trends"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"237","article-title":"British smoking and drinking habits: variations by country of birth","volume":"8","author":"Balarajan, R.; Yuen, P.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Balarajan R, Yuen P. British smoking and drinking habits: variations by country of birth. Community Med 1986; 8: 237-9.","journal-title":"Community Med"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"77","article-title":"Feeding practices and birth weights of infants in Southall, Middlesex","volume":"108","author":"Qureshi, B.; Morgan, J.B.; Kimber, A.C.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Qureshi B, Morgan JB, Kimber AC, et al. Feeding practices and birth weights of infants in Southall, Middlesex.JR Soc Health 1988; 108: 77-80.","journal-title":"JR Soc Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6146.1181","article-title":"Infant feeding practices among immigrants in","volume":"2","author":"Goel, M.; House, F.; Shanks, R.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Goel M, House F, Shanks RA. Infant feeding practices among immigrants in Glasgow. Br Med J 1978; 2: 1181-3.","journal-title":"Glasgow. Br Med J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.44.2.125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:40:34Z","timestamp":1759495234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.44.2.125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.44.2.125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.44.2.125","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-005X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-2738"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}}}