{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T00:45:36Z","timestamp":1759538736440,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To review, from the purchaser's perspective, the current state of knowledge of techniques for investigation and treating coronary artery disease. The study was based on evidence from past and continuing randomised controlled trials (RCTs). CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION OF REPORTS--Articles listed on Medline (1990-3) with the keywords coronary disease, angina, and unstable angina (combined with surgery, economics, therapy, or drug therapy) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were included. Articles published before 1990 were obtained from two comprehensive literature reviews published by the Rand organisation in 1991 and from the papers obtained using the Medline search. A hand search of relevant journals published between July 1993 and June 1994 was also undertaken. Results from more recently published RCTs are included. RESULTS--CABG provides improved angina relief compared with drug treatment and may prolong life in patients with more severe illness. PTCA is also better than drug treatment, but less so than CABG, and its cost advantages over CABG decrease with time. Repeat intervention for return of symptoms is more frequently required after PTCA, but increasing numbers of patients are also undergoing second and third repeat CABG for graft occlusion in the years after the original operation. Newer PTCA techniques are not, as yet, fully evaluated. One technique, atherectomy, has been shown to be no more effective, and more expensive, than conventional balloon angioplasty. In the short term intracoronary stents reduce the problems associated with vessel occlusion after PTCA and therefore reduce the need for further intervention. PTCA should not be performed without ready access to cardiothoracic support. There is an increasing trend towards the development of coronary catheterisation units at peripheral sites. This may lead to increasing, inappropriate use of this investigation in suboptimal circumstances. CONCLUSIONS--Ischaemic heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and invasive management techniques are developing rapidly; some service expansion is occurring without trial evidence. More research is required to determine the optimum balance of PTCA, CABG, and angiography and population requirements for these procedures. In the meantime, in the absence of firm long term evidence of the superior cost effectiveness of PTCA compared with CABG, the rapid expansion of this procedure should be limited. Patients should be fully informed of the benefits and disadvantages of CABG and PTCA, where either procedure is indicated, to enable them to make fully informed choices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.49.4.335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:10:54Z","timestamp":1226502654000},"page":"335-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The invasive management of angina: issues for consumers and commissioners."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Gunnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a literature review and ratings of appropriateness and necessity","author":"Hillborne, L.H.; Leape, L.L.; Kahan, J.P.; Park, R.E.; Kamberg, C.J.; Brook, R.H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hillborne LH, Leape LL, Kahan JP, Park RE, Kamberg CJ, Brook RH. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a literature review and ratings of appropriateness and necessity. RAND, Santa Monica 1991."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Coronary artery bypass graft: a literature review and ratings of appropriateness and necessity","author":"Leape, L.L.; Hilborne, L.H.; Kahan, J.P.; Stason, W.B.; Park, R.E.; Kamberg, C.J.; Brook, R.H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Leape LL, Hilborne LH, Kahan JP, Stason WB, Park RE, Kamberg CJ, Brook RH. Coronary artery bypass graft: a literature review and ratings of appropriateness and necessity. RAND, Santa Monica 1991."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Compendium ofHealth Statistics 1992","author":"Office of Health Economics","year":"1993","unstructured":"Office of Health Economics. Compendium ofHealth Statistics 1992. London: Office of Health Economics, 1993."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.51.6.595","article-title":"Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease in middle aged British men","volume":"51","author":"Shaper, A.G.; Cook, D.G.; Walker, M.; Macfarlane, P.W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Shaper AG, Cook DG, Walker M, Macfarlane PW. Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease in middle aged British men. Br Heart] 1984;51:595-605.","journal-title":"Br Heart]"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Health survey for England 1991","author":"White, A.; Nicolaas, G.; Foster, K.; Browne, F.; Carey, S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"White A, Nicolaas G, Foster K, Browne F, Carey S. Health survey for England 1991. HMSO, London 1993."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/18.3_Supplement_1.S20","article-title":"International mortality from heart disease: rates and trends","volume":"18","author":"Thom, T.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thom TJ. International mortality from heart disease: rates and trends. Int _T Epidemiol 1989;18(3):S20-8.","journal-title":"Int _T Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(05)80054-7","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness perspectives in coronary heart disease","volume":"119","author":"Goldman, L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goldman L. Cost-effectiveness perspectives in coronary heart disease. Am Heart]_ 1990;119:733-9.","journal-title":"Am Heart]_"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Key area handbook: coronary heart disease and stroke","author":"Department of Health","year":"1993","unstructured":"Department of Health. Key area handbook: coronary heart disease and stroke. HMSO, London 1993."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.72.3.303","article-title":"Report of a working group of the BCS: Cardiology in the district hospital","volume":"72","year":"1994","unstructured":"Report of a working group of the BCS: Cardiology in the district hospital. Br Heart 1994;72:303-8.","journal-title":"Br Heart"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"343","article-title":"Cardiac interventional procedure in the United Kingdom during 1990","volume":"68","author":"Hubner, P.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hubner PJ. Cardiac interventional procedure in the United Kingdom during 1990. The British Cardiovascular Intervention Society. Br Heart]_ 1992;68:343-6.","journal-title":"The British Cardiovascular Intervention Society. Br Heart]_"},{"article-title":"Clinical Standards Advisory Group. Access to and availability of coronary artery bypass grafting and coronary angioplasty","year":"1993","key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Clinical Standards Advisory Group. Access to and availability of coronary artery bypass grafting and coronary angioplasty. HMSO, London 1993."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"319","article-title":"Coronary artery bypass profile in Canada and the United States","volume":"6","author":"Morin, J.E.; Symes, J.F.; Guerraty, A.J.; Poirier, N.L.; Sampalis, J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morin JE, Symes JF, Guerraty AJ, Poirier NL, Sampalis J. Coronary artery bypass profile in Canada and the United States. Can Cardiol 1990;6:319-22.","journal-title":"Can Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"325","article-title":"Coronary angioplasty in the United Kingdom. Report of a Working Party of the British Cardiac Society","volume":"66","year":"1991","unstructured":"Coronary angioplasty in the United Kingdom. Report of a Working Party of the British Cardiac Society. Br Heart 1991;66:325-31."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91196-H","article-title":"Audit of coronary angiography and bypass surgery","volume":"335","author":"Gray, D.; Hampton, JR, Berstein; SJ, KosecoffJ; Brook, R.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gray D, Hampton JR, Berstein SJ, KosecoffJ, Brook RH. Audit of coronary angiography and bypass surgery. Lancet 1990;335: 1317-20.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"753","article-title":"The appropriateness of use of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in New York State","volume":"269","author":"Leape, L.L.; Hilbome, L.H.; Park, R.E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Leape LL, Hilbome LH, Park RE, et al. The appropriateness of use of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in New York State. _7AMA 1993;269:753-60."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500060061031","article-title":"The appropriateness of use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in New York State","volume":"269","author":"Hilborne, L.H.; Leape, L.L.; Berstein, S.J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hilborne LH, Leape LL, Berstein SJ, et al. The appropriateness of use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in New York State. JAAMA 1993;269: 761-5.","journal-title":"JAAMA"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"766","article-title":"The appropriateness of use of coronary angiography in New York State. 7AM","volume-title":"A","volume":"269","author":"Berstein, S.J.; Hilbome, L.H.; Leape, L.L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berstein SJ, Hilbome LH, Leape LL, et al. The appropriateness of use of coronary angiography in New York State. 7AM.A 1993;269:766-9."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92051-T","article-title":"Vibrational angioplasty in chronic total occlusions","volume":"342","author":"Rees, M.R.; Michalis, L.K.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rees MR, Michalis LK. Vibrational angioplasty in chronic total occlusions. Lancet 1993;342:999-1000.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2049","key":"ref_19","first-page":"57","article-title":"Excimer laser angioplasty of aorto-ostial stenoses","volume":"88","author":"Eigler, N.L.; Weinstock, B.; Douglas, J.S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Eigler NL, Weinstock B, Douglas JS, et al. Excimer laser angioplasty of aorto-ostial stenoses. Circulation 1993; 88(l):2049 -57.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90837-3","article-title":"Rotablator to the rescue","volume":"71","author":"Topol, E.J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Topol EJ. Rotablator to the rescue. AmJCardiol 1993;71: 858-9.","journal-title":"AmJCardiol"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408253310802","article-title":"A randomised comparison of coronary-stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease","volume":"331","author":"Fischman, D.L.; Leon, M.B.; Baim, D.S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fischman DL, Leon MB, Baim DS, et al. A randomised comparison of coronary-stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. N Engl _7 Med 1994;331:496-501.","journal-title":"N Engl _7 Med"},{"issue":"489 95","key":"ref_22","article-title":"A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"331","author":"Serruys, P.W.; de Jaegere, P.; Kiemeneij, F.; Macaya, C.; Rutsch, W.; Heyndrickx, G.; Emanuelsson, H.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Serruys PW, de Jaegere P, Kiemeneij F, Macaya C, Rutsch W, Heyndrickx G, Emanuelsson H. A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engi J Med 1994;331:489 95.","journal-title":"N Engi J Med"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307223290401","article-title":"A comparison of directional atherectomy with coronary angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"329","author":"Topol, E.J.; Leya, F.; Pinkerton, C.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Topol EJ, Leya F, Pinkerton CA, et al. A comparison of directional atherectomy with coronary angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. NEnglJMed 1993; 329:221-7.","journal-title":"NEnglJMed"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307223290402","article-title":"A comparison of directional atherectomy with balloon angioplasty for lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery","volume":"329","author":"Adelman, A.G.; Cohen, E.A.; Kimball, B.P.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Adelman AG, Cohen EA, Kimball BP, et al. A comparison of directional atherectomy with balloon angioplasty for lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery. N Engl _7 Med 1993;329:228-33.","journal-title":"N Engl _7 Med"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"573","article-title":"Coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass surgery: the randomised intervention treatment of angina","volume":"341","year":"1993","unstructured":"Coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass surgery: the randomised intervention treatment of angina (RITA) trial. Lancet 1993;341:573-80.","journal-title":"(RITA) trial. Lancet"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90416-X","article-title":"Argentine randomised trial of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass surgery in multivessel disease (ERACI): in-hospital results and 1-year follow-up","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez, A.; Boullon, F.; Perez-Ballino, N.; Paviotti, C.; Liprandi, M.; Palacios, I.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rodriguez A, Boullon F, Perez-Ballino N, Paviotti C, Liprandi M, Palacios I. Argentine randomised trial of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass surgery in multivessel disease (ERACI): in-hospital results and 1-year follow-up. IAm Coll Cardiol 1993;22:1060-70.","journal-title":"IAm Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311601","article-title":"A randomised study of coronary angioplasty compared with bypass surgery in patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary disease","volume":"331","author":"Hamm, C.W.; Reimers, J.; Ischinger, T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hamm CW, Reimers J, Ischinger T, et al. A randomised study of coronary angioplasty compared with bypass surgery in patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary disease. N Engl _J Med 1994;331:1037-43.","journal-title":"N Engl _J Med"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92579-8","article-title":"Coronary angioplasty versus left internal mammary artery grafting for isolated proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis","volume":"343","author":"Goy, J.; Eeckhout, E.; Bumand, B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goy J, Eeckhout E, Bumand B, et al. Coronary angioplasty versus left internal mammary artery grafting for isolated proximal left anterior descending artery stenosis. Lancet 1994;343: 1449-53.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311602","article-title":"A randomised trial comparing coronary angioplasty with coronary bypass surgery","volume":"331","author":"King, S.B.; Lmbo, N.J.; Weintraub, W.S.; Kosinski, A.J.; Barmhart, H.X.","year":"1994","unstructured":"King SB, Lmbo NJ, Weintraub WS, Kosinski AJ, Barmhart HX. A randomised trial comparing coronary angioplasty with coronary bypass surgery. N Engl _7 Med 1994;331: 1044-50.","journal-title":"N Engl _7 Med"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.65.7.67","article-title":"European Coronary Surgery Study Group. Prospective randomised study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris: a progress report on survival","volume":"65","year":"1982","unstructured":"European Coronary Surgery Study Group. Prospective randomised study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris: a progress report on survival. Circu4lation 1982;65:II67-71.","journal-title":"Circu4lation"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.68.5.939","article-title":"Coronary Artery Bypass Study Group. Coronary artery surgery study (CASS): a randomised trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival data","volume":"68","year":"1983","unstructured":"Coronary Artery Bypass Study Group. Coronary artery surgery study (CASS): a randomised trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival data. Circulation 1983;68: 939-50.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197709222971201","article-title":"Treatment of chronic stable angina. A preliminary report of survival data of the randomized VA cooperative study","volume":"297","author":"Murphy, M.L.; Hultgren, H.N.; Detre, K.; Thomsen, J.; Takaro, T.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Murphy ML, Hultgren HN, Detre K, Thomsen J, Takaro T. Treatment of chronic stable angina. A preliminary report of survival data of the randomized VA cooperative study. N Engl _f Med 1977;297:621-7.","journal-title":"N Engl _f Med"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060055","article-title":"Is repeated coronary surgery for recurrent angina cost effective?","volume":"7","author":"Dougenis, D.; Naik, S.; Brown, A.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dougenis D, Naik S, Brown AH. Is repeated coronary surgery for recurrent angina cost effective? Eur Heart 7 1992;13:9--14.","journal-title":"Eur Heart"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(90)90316-W","article-title":"Coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"28","author":"Kolettis, T.M.; Miller, H.C.; de Bono, D.P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kolettis TM, Miller HC, de Bono DP. Coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting. Int J Cardiol 1990;28:333-9.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303113281001","article-title":"A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. The Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group","volume":"328","author":"Grines, C.L.; Browne, K.F.; Marco, J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Grines CL, Browne KF, Marco J, et al. A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. The Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group. N Englj Med 1993; 328:673-9.","journal-title":"N Englj Med"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303113281002","article-title":"A comparison of immediate coronary angioplasty with intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"328","author":"Zijlstra, F.; de Boer, M.J.; Hoorntje, J.C.; Reiffers, S.; Reiber, J.H.; Suryapranata, H.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zijlstra F, de Boer MJ, Hoorntje JC, Reiffers S, Reiber JH, Suryapranata H. A comparison of immediate coronary angioplasty with intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl _r Med 1993;328:680-4.","journal-title":"N Engl _r Med"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"685","article-title":"Immediate angioplasty compared with the administration of a thrombolytic agent followed by conservative treatment for myocardial infarction","volume":"328","author":"Gibbons, R.J.; Holmes, D.R.; Reeder, G.S.; Bailey, K.R.; Hopfenspirger, M.R.; Gersh, B.J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gibbons RJ, Holmes DR, Reeder GS, Bailey KR, Hopfenspirger MR, Gersh BJ. Immediate angioplasty compared with the administration of a thrombolytic agent followed by conservative treatment for myocardial infarction. The Mayo Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization Laboratory Groups. N Engl-Med 1993;328: 685-91.","journal-title":"The Mayo Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization Laboratory Groups. N Engl-Med"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Immediate coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"306","author":"Pringle, S.D.; Boon, N.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pringle SD, Boon NA. Immediate coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. BM_7 1993;306:1489-90."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91963-1","article-title":"Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10 year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Trialists Collaboration","volume":"344","author":"Yusuf, S.; Zucker, D.; Peduzzi, P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi P et al. Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10 year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Trialists Collaboration. Lancet 1994;344: 563-70.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1173","article-title":"European Coronary Surgery Study Group. Long term results of prospective randomised study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris","volume":"ii:","year":"1982","unstructured":"European Coronary Surgery Study Group. Long term results of prospective randomised study of coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris. European Coronary Surgery Study Group. Lancet 1982;ii: 1173-80.","journal-title":"European Coronary Surgery Study Group. Lancet"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198808113190603","article-title":"Twelve year follow up survival in the randomised European coronary surgery study","volume":"319","author":"Varnauskas, E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Varnauskas E. Twelve year follow up survival in the randomised European coronary surgery study. N EnglI Med 1988;319:332-7.","journal-title":"N EnglI Med"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"90","article-title":"myocardial infarction, and employment status in a prospective randomised study of coronary bypass surgery","volume":"72","author":"Survival, Vamauskas E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Vamauskas E. Survival, myocardial infarction, and employment status in a prospective randomised study of coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 1985;72(V):90-101.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1647","article-title":"Ten-year followup of quality of life in patients randomized to receive medical therapy or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The coronary artery surgery study (CASS)","volume":"82","author":"Rogers, W.J.; Coggin, C.J.; Gersh, B.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rogers WJ, Coggin CJ, Gersh BJ, et al. Ten-year followup of quality of life in patients randomized to receive medical therapy or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The coronary artery surgery study (CASS). Circulation 1990;82:1647-58.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.5.1629","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up of survival and myocardial infarction in the randomized coronary artery surgery study","volume":"82","author":"Alderman, E.L.; Bourassa, M.G.; Cohen, L.S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alderman EL, Bourassa MG, Cohen LS, et al. Ten-year follow-up of survival and myocardial infarction in the randomized coronary artery surgery study. Circulation 1990;82: 1629-46.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"102 9","key":"ref_45","article-title":"Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS): a randomised trial of coronary bypass surgery. Eight years follow up and survival in patients with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"72","author":"Killip, T.; Passamani, E.; Davis, K.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Killip T, Passamani E, Davis K. Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS): a randomised trial of coronary bypass surgery. Eight years follow up and survival in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Circulation 1985;72(V): 102 9.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.68.5.951","article-title":"Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). A randomised trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Quality of life in patients randomly assigned to treatment groups","volume":"68","year":"1983","unstructured":"Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). A randomised trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Quality of life in patients randomly assigned to treatment groups. Circulation 1983;68:951-60.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"750-8","key":"ref_47","first-page":"53","article-title":"Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Myocardial infarction and mortality in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) randomised trial","volume":"310","author":"rikaro T; HN, Hultgren; MJ, Lipton; KM, Detre","year":"1984","unstructured":"Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). Myocardial infarction and mortality in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) randomised trial. N EnglJ Med 1984;310:750-8. 53 rikaro T, Hultgren HN, Lipton MJ, Detre KM. The VA cooperative randomized study for coronary arterial occlusive disease. II Subgroup with significant left main lesions. Circulation 1975;54(suppl 3(6))(III):107-17.","journal-title":"N EnglJ Med; The VA cooperative randomized study for coronary arterial occlusive disease. II Subgroup with significant left main lesions"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.1.121","article-title":"The VA Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cooperative Study Group. Eighteen-year follow-up in the veterans affairs cooperative study of coronary artery bypass surgery for stable angina","volume":"86","year":"1992","unstructured":"The VA Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Cooperative Study Group. Eighteen-year follow-up in the veterans affairs cooperative study of coronary artery bypass surgery for stable angina. Circulation 1992;86: 121-30.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90841-1","article-title":"Ten-year effect of medical and surgical therapy on quality of life: veterans administration cooperative study of coronary artery surgery","volume":"59","author":"Peduzzi, P.; Hulgren, H.; Thomsen, J.; Detre, K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Peduzzi P, Hulgren H, Thomsen J, Detre K. Ten-year effect of medical and surgical therapy on quality of life: veterans administration cooperative study of coronary artery surgery. Am I Cardiol 1987;59:1017-23.","journal-title":"Am I Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"84","article-title":"Long term mortality and morbidity results of the veterans administration randomised trial of coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"72","author":"Detre, K.; Takaro, T.; Hulgren, H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Detre K, Takaro T, Hulgren H, et al. Long term mortality and morbidity results of the veterans administration randomised trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 1985;72(V):84-9.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"83","key":"ref_51","first-page":"747","article-title":"Ten-year incidence of myocardial infarction and prognosis after infarction. Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study of coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"1991","author":"Peduzzi, P.; Detre, K.; Murphy, M.L.; Thomsen, J.; Hultgren, H.; Takaro, T.","unstructured":"Peduzzi P, Detre K, Murphy ML, Thomsen J, Hultgren H, Takaro T. Ten-year incidence of myocardial infarction and prognosis after infarction. Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study of coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 1991,83:747-55.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"260","article-title":"Coronary bypass surgery improves survival in high-risk unstable angina. Results of a veterans administration cooperative study with an 8-year follow-up. Veterans Administration Unstable Angina Cooperative Study Group","volume":"84","author":"Sharma, G.V.; Deupree, R.H.; Khuri, S.F.; Parisi, A.F.; Luchi, R.J.; Scott, S.M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sharma GV, Deupree RH, Khuri SF, Parisi AF, Luchi RJ, Scott SM. Coronary bypass surgery improves survival in high-risk unstable angina. Results of a veterans administration cooperative study with an 8-year follow-up. Veterans Administration Unstable Angina Cooperative Study Group. Circulation 1991;84(III):260-7.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.5.1176","article-title":"Medical compared with surgical management of unstable angina","volume":"80","author":"Parisi, A.; Khuri, S.; Deupree, R.; Sharma, G.; Scott, M.; Luchi, R.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Parisi A, Khuri S, Deupree R, Sharma G, Scott M, Luchi RJ. Medical compared with surgical management of unstable angina. Circulation 1989;80:1176-89.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90105-4","article-title":"Unstable angina pectoris: national cooperative study group to compare medical and surgical therapy","volume":"42","author":"Russell, R.O.; Moraski, R.E.; Kouchoukos, N.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Russell RO, Moraski RE, Kouchoukos N. Unstable angina pectoris: national cooperative study group to compare medical and surgical therapy. Am.7 Cardiol 1978;42: 839-48.","journal-title":"Am.7 Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.1.87","article-title":"Quality of life after bypass surgery for unstable angina","volume":"83","author":"Booth, D.C.; Deupree, R.H.; Hultgren, H.N.; DeMaria, A.N.; Scott, S.M.; Luchi, R.J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Booth DC, Deupree RH, Hultgren HN, DeMaria AN, Scott SM, Luchi RJ. Quality of life after bypass surgery for unstable angina. Circulation 1991;83:87-95.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"1329","article-title":"Medical versus surgical therapy for acute coronary insufficiency","volume":"293","author":"Seldon, R.; Neill, W.A.; Ritzmann, L.W.; Okies, J.E.; Anderson, R.P.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Seldon R, Neill WA, Ritzmann LW, Okies JE, Anderson RP. Medical versus surgical therapy for acute coronary insufficiency. N Engl 3Med 1975;293: 1329-33."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"12","article-title":"A pilot study of coronary angioplasty in outpatients","volume":"72","author":"Laarman, G.J.; Kiemeneij, F.; van der Wieken, L.R.; Tijssen, J.G.P.; Suwarganda, J.S.M.; Slagboom, T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Laarman GJ, Kiemeneij F, van der Wieken LR, Tijssen JGP, Suwarganda JSM, Slagboom T. A pilot study of coronary angioplasty in outpatients. Br Heart f 1994;72: 12-15."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404073301407","article-title":"Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty","volume":"330","author":"Landau, C.; Lange, R.A.; Hillis, L.D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Landau C, Lange RA, Hillis LD. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. N Engl 7 Med 1994;330: 981-93.","journal-title":"N Engl 7 Med"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90698-X","article-title":"Immediate and follow-up results of the conservative coronary angioplasty strategy for unstable angina pectoris","volume":"69","author":"Stammen, F.; De Scheerder, I.; Glazier, J.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stammen F, De Scheerder I, Glazier JJ, et al. Immediate and follow-up results of the conservative coronary angioplasty strategy for unstable angina pectoris. Am Y Cardiol 1992;69: 1533-7.","journal-title":"Am Y Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90631-V","article-title":"Lesion morphology and coronary angioplasty: current experience and analysis","volume":"19","author":"Myler, R.K.; Shaw, R.E.; Stertzer, S.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Myler RK, Shaw RE, Stertzer SH, et al. Lesion morphology and coronary angioplasty: current experience and analysis. _J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:1641-52.","journal-title":"_J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90913-G","article-title":"Multivessel and single-vessel coronary angioplasty: a comparative study","volume":"124","author":"Hollman, J.; Simpfendorfer, C.; Franco, I.; Whitlow, P.; Goormastic, M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hollman J, Simpfendorfer C, Franco I, Whitlow P, Goormastic M. Multivessel and single-vessel coronary angioplasty: a comparative study. Am Heart Y 1992;124: 9-12.","journal-title":"Am Heart Y"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)91160-5","article-title":"Results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by multiple, relatively low frequency operators: 1986-1987 experience","volume":"61","author":"Hamad, N.; Pichard, A.D.; Lyle, H.R.P.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hamad N, Pichard AD, Lyle HRP. Results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by multiple, relatively low frequency operators: 1986-1987 experience. Am 7 Cardiol 1988;61:1229-3 1.","journal-title":"Am 7 Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"10","article-title":"A comparison of angioplasty with medical therapy in the treatment of single-vessel coronary artery disease","volume":"326","author":"Parisi, A.F.; Folland, E.D.; Hartigan, P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Parisi AF, Folland ED, Hartigan P. A comparison of angioplasty with medical therapy in the treatment of single-vessel coronary artery disease. Veterans Affairs ACME Investigators. N Engl 7 Med 1992;326:10--6.","journal-title":"Veterans Affairs ACME Investigators. N Engl 7 Med"},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"511","article-title":"Coronary surgery and coronary angioplasty in patients with two-vessel coronary artery disease. Am 3 Cardiol","volume-title":"The invasive managenment of angina: issues for consumers and commissioners","volume":"71","author":"Weintraub, W.S.; King, S.B.; Jones, E.L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weintraub WS, King SB, Jones EL, et al. Coronary surgery and coronary angioplasty in patients with two-vessel coronary artery disease. Am 3 Cardiol 1993;71:511-7. The invasive managenment of angina: issues for consumers and commissioners"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90903-P","article-title":"Angioplasty versus bypass surgery for multivessel coronary artery disease with left ventricular ejection fraction <40%","volume":"71","author":"O'Keefe, J.H.J.; Allan, J.J.; McCallister, B.D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"O'Keefe JHJ, Allan JJ, McCallister BD, et al. Angioplasty versus bypass surgery for multivessel coronary artery disease with left ventricular ejection fraction <40%. Am 7 Cardiol 1993;71:897-901.","journal-title":"Am 7 Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"592","article-title":"Comparison of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting for multivessel coronary artery disease","volume":"7","author":"Vacek, J.L.; Rosamond, T.L.; Stites, H.W.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vacek JL, Rosamond TL, Stites HW, et al. Comparison of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting for multivessel coronary artery disease. An,i 7 Cardiol 1992;69:592-7.","journal-title":"An"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)91272-6","article-title":"Mortality after coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery (the national Medicare experience). An","volume":"70","author":"Hartz, A.J.; Kuhn, E.M.; Pryor, D.B.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hartz AJ, Kuhn EM, Pryor DB, et al. Mortality after coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery (the national Medicare experience). An ] Cardiol 1992; 70:179-85.","journal-title":"Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90238-G","article-title":"Early and late results of coronary angioplasty and bypass in octogenarians","volume":"68","author":"Mick, M.J.; Simpfendorfer, C.; Arnold, A.Z.; Piedmonte, M.; Lytle, B.W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mick MJ, Simpfendorfer C, Arnold AZ, Piedmonte M, Lytle BW. Early and late results of coronary angioplasty and bypass in octogenarians. Am] Cardiol 1991;68: 1316-20.","journal-title":"Am] Cardiol"},{"issue":"57 65","key":"ref_69","article-title":"Bidirectional crossover and late outcome after coronary angioplasty and bypass","volume-title":"surgery: 8 to 11 year follow-up. J7Amn Coll Cardiol","volume":"16","author":"Webb, J.G.; Myler, R.K.; Shaw, R.E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Webb JG, Myler RK, Shaw RE, et al. Bidirectional crossover and late outcome after coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery: 8 to 11 year follow-up. J7Amn Coll Cardiol 1990;16:57 65."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"921","article-title":"Functional status after coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplastv","volume":"66","author":"Allen, J.K.; Fitzgerald, S.T.; Swank, R.T.; Becker, D.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Allen JK, Fitzgerald ST, Swank RT, Becker DM. Functional status after coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplastv. Am ] Cardiol 1990;66:921-5.","journal-title":"Am"},{"issue":"852 71","key":"ref_71","article-title":"Myocardial revascularization for chronic stable angina: analysis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty based on data available in 1989","volume":"113","author":"Wong, J.B.; Sonncnberg, F.A.; Salem, D.N.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wong JB, Sonncnberg FA, Salem DN, et al. Myocardial revascularization for chronic stable angina: analysis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty based on data available in 1989. Ann Intern Med 1990;113: 852 71.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960140504","article-title":"Initial clinical results with the Wiktor stent: a new balloon-expandable coronary stent","volume":"14","author":"Buchwald, A.; Unterberg, C.; Werner, G.; Voth, E.; Kreuzer, H.; Wiegand, V.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Buchwald A, Unterberg C, Werner G, Voth E, Kreuzer H, Wiegand V. Initial clinical results with the Wiktor stent: a new balloon-expandable coronary stent. Clin Cardiol 1991;14:374-9.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90341-W","article-title":"Intracoronary stenting compared with conventional therapy for abrupt vessel closure complicating coronary angioplasty: a matched case-control study","volume":"21","author":"Lincoff, A.M.; Topol, E.J.; Chapekis, A.T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Topol EJ, Chapekis AT, et al. Intracoronary stenting compared with conventional therapy for abrupt vessel closure complicating coronary angioplasty: a matched case-control study. JAni Coll Cardiol 1993;21: 866-75.","journal-title":"JAni Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.3.1323","article-title":"Intracoronary stents. A breakthrough or just another small step?","volume":"89","author":"Leon, M.B.; Wong, S.C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leon MB, Wong SC. Intracoronary stents. A breakthrough or just another small step? Circulation 1994;89:1323-7.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1859","article-title":"Evaluating the potential costeffectiveness of stenting as a treatment for symptomatic single-vessel coronary disease","volume":"89","author":"Cohen, D.J.; Breall, J.A.; Ho, K.K.L.; Kuntz, R.E.; Goldman, L.; Baim, D.S.; Weinstein, M.C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cohen DJ, Breall JA, Ho KKL, Kuntz RE, Goldman L, Baim DS, Weinstein MC. Evaluating the potential costeffectiveness of stenting as a treatment for symptomatic single-vessel coronary disease. Circulation 1994;89: 1859-74.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"927","article-title":"Health service costs of coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery: the randomised intervention treatment of angina","volume":"344","author":"Sculpher, M.J.; Seed, P.; Henderson, R.A.; Buxton, M.J.; Pocock, S.J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sculpher MJ, Seed P, Henderson RA, Buxton MJ, Pocock SJ, et al. Health service costs of coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery: the randomised intervention treatment of angina (RITA) trial. Lancet 1994; 344:927-30.","journal-title":"(RITA) trial. Lancet"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-96-1-102","article-title":"The distinction between costs and charges","volume":"96","author":"Finkler, S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Finkler S. The distinction between costs and charges. Ann Intern Med 1982;96:102-9.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"87","article-title":"Costs and benefits associated with treatment for coronary artery disease","volume":"66","author":"Charles, E.D.; Wayne, J.D.; Oberman, A.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Charles ED, Wayne JD, Oberman A, et al. Costs and benefits associated with treatment for coronary artery disease. Circulation 1982;66(III):87-90.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198502000-00004","article-title":"Comparative costs versus symptomatic and employment benefits of medical and surgical treatment of stable angina","volume":"23","author":"Hemenway, D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hemenway D. Comparative costs versus symptomatic and employment benefits of medical and surgical treatment of stable angina. Med Care 1985;23(2):133-41.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"1052","volume":"22","author":"Cardiol, A.M.Coll","year":"1993","unstructured":"AM Coll Cardiol 1993;22: 1052-9."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90746-X","article-title":"Relative cost of coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery in a one vessel disease model","volume":"53","author":"Jang, G.; Block, P.; Cowley, M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jang G, Block P, Cowley M, et al. Relative cost of coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery in a one vessel disease model. Ant] Cardiol 1984;53:52C-5C.","journal-title":"Ant] Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"809","article-title":"Comparative costs of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery by-pass grafting in multivessel coronary artery disease","volume":"62","author":"Black, A.J.R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Black AJR. Comparative costs of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery by-pass grafting in multivessel coronary artery disease. Am ] Cardiol 1988;62:809-1 1.","journal-title":"Am"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80079-6","article-title":"Comparative cost of myocardial revascularisation: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"5","author":"Kelly, M.; Taylor, G.; Moses, H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kelly M, Taylor G, Moses H, et al. Comparative cost of myocardial revascularisation: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery. JAnm Coll Cardiol 1985;5:16-20.","journal-title":"JAnm Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198411013111805","article-title":"Is percutaneous angioplasty less expensive than bypass surgery?","volume":"311","author":"Reeder, G.; Krishan, I.; Nobrega, F.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Reeder G, Krishan I, Nobrega F, et al. Is percutaneous angioplasty less expensive than bypass surgery? N Engl _] Med 1984;311:1157-62.","journal-title":"N Engl _] Med"},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"208","article-title":"Resource use and cost of initial coronary revascularization. Coronary angioplasty versus coronary bypass surgery","volume":"82","author":"Hlatky, M.A.; Lipscomb, J.; Nelson, C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hlatky MA, Lipscomb J, Nelson C, et al. Resource use and cost of initial coronary revascularization. Coronary angioplasty versus coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 1990;82(IV):208-13.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/10.suppl_H.61","article-title":"Bilateral mammary artery surgery or PTCA or multiple vessel coronary artery disease?","volume":"H):","author":"Berreklouw, E.; Hoogsteen, J.; van Wandelen, R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Berreklouw E, Hoogsteen J, van Wandelen R, et al. Bilateral mammary artery surgery or PTCA or multiple vessel coronary artery disease? Eur Heart] 1989;10(suppl H): 61-70.","journal-title":"Eur Heart]"},{"key":"ref_87","article-title":"The role of percutaneous transluminal coroniary angioplastv in coronary revascularisation: evidence, assessnment and policx: The Swedish Council on","author":"Goodman, C.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goodman C. The role of percutaneous transluminal coroniary angioplastv in coronary revascularisation: evidence, assessnment and policx: The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care, 1992.","journal-title":"Technology Assessment in Health Care"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6877.570","article-title":"Some guidelines on the use of cost-effectiveness league tables","volume":"306","author":"Mason, J.; Drummond, M.; Torrance, G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mason J, Drummond M, Torrance G. Some guidelines on the use of cost-effectiveness league tables. BMJ 1993; 306:570-2.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6491.326","article-title":"Economics of coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"291","author":"Williams, A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Williams A. Economics of coronary artery bypass grafting. BMJ 1985;291:326-9.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"5666","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"66","author":"Weinstein, M.C.; Stason, W.B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Weinstein MC, Stason WB. Cost effectiveness of coronary artery bypass surgery. Circulation 1982;66(supplIII):5666.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"780","article-title":"Coronary angioplasty. Is surgical standby needed?","volume":"268","author":"Baim, D.S.; Kuntz, R.E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baim DS, Kuntz RE. Coronary angioplasty. Is surgical standby needed? 7AA4A 1992;268:780-1."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)91180-C","article-title":"Changing trends for surgical standby in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty","volume":"69","author":"Vogel, J.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vogel JH. Changing trends for surgical standby in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am ]7 Cardiol 1992;69:25F-32F.","journal-title":"Am ]7 Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.64.1.1","article-title":"Does angioplasty need on site surgical cover? A surgeron's view","volume":"64","author":"Parker, D.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Parker DJ. Does angioplasty need on site surgical cover? A surgeron's view. Br Heart 1990;64: 1-2.","journal-title":"Br Heart"},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"3","article-title":"Does angioplasty need on site surgical cover? A physician's view","volume":"64","author":"Shaw, T.R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shaw TR. Does angioplasty need on site surgical cover? A physician's view. Br Heart ] 1990;64:3-4."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90078-K","article-title":"Surgical standby for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a survey of patterns of practice","volume":"50","author":"Cameron, D.E.; Stinson, D.C.; Greene, P.S.; Gardner, T.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cameron DE, Stinson DC, Greene PS, Gardner TJ. Surgical standby for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a survey of patterns of practice. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;50:35-9.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"116","article-title":"Comparison of results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with and without selective requirement of surgical standby","volume":"69","author":"Iniquez, A.; Macaya, C.; Hernandez, R.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Iniquez A, Macaya C, Hernandez R, et al. Comparison of results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with and without selective requirement of surgical standby. An,] Cardiol 1992;69:116 1-5.","journal-title":"An,] Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"741","article-title":"Surgical standby for coronary balloon angioplasty","volume":"268","author":"Meier, B.; Urban, P.; Dorsaz, P.A.; Favre, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Meier B, Urban P, Dorsaz PA, Favre J. Surgical standby for coronary balloon angioplasty. ]7AMA 1992;268: 741-5."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"438","article-title":"Emergency coronary bypass surgery after vessel occlusion at angioplasty in centres without on site facilities for cardiac surgery","volume":"6","author":"Shaw, T.R.D.; Starkey, I.R.; Essop, A.R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shaw TRD, Starkey IR, Essop AR, et al. Emergency coronary bypass surgery after vessel occlusion at angioplasty in centres without on site facilities for cardiac surgery. Br Heart ] 1989;6:438A.","journal-title":"Br Heart"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6721.355","article-title":"Management of acute coronary occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: experience of complications in a hospital without on site facilities for cardiac surgery","volume":"300","author":"Richardson, S.G.; Morton, P.; Murtagh, J.G.; O'Keeffe, D.B.; Murphy, P.; Scott, M.E.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Richardson SG, Morton P, Murtagh JG, O'Keeffe DB, Murphy P, Scott ME. Management of acute coronary occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: experience of complications in a hospital without on site facilities for cardiac surgery. BM] 1990;300: 355-8.","journal-title":"BM]"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90451-4","article-title":"Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty without on-site surgical facilities","volume":"70","author":"Klinke, W.P.; Hui, W.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Klinke WP, Hui W. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty without on-site surgical facilities. Am]Cardiol 1992;70: 1520-5.","journal-title":"Am]Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"392","article-title":"Emergency coronary artery surgery after refractory cardiac arrest: a single centre experience","volume-title":"Br Heart]_","volume":"67","author":"Powney, J.G.; Bonser, R.S.; Lentini, S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Powney JG, Bonser RS, Lentini S. Emergency coronary artery surgery after refractory cardiac arrest: a single centre experience. Br Heart]_ 1992;67:392-4."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"339","article-title":"The Council of the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society. Surgical cover for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty","volume-title":"Br Heart","volume":"68","year":"1992","unstructured":"The Council of the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society. Surgical cover for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Br Heart ] 1992;68:339-41."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.65.2.68","article-title":"Desirability of immediate surgical standby for coronary angioplasty","volume":"65","author":"Levy, R.D.; Bennett, D.H.; Brooks, N.H.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Levy RD, Bennett DH, Brooks NH. Desirability of immediate surgical standby for coronary angioplasty. Br Heart]t 1991;65:68-71.","journal-title":"Br Heart]t"},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"73","article-title":"Should coronary angiography be performed in district hospitals?","volume-title":"Br Heart","volume":"63","author":"Mills, P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mills P. Should coronary angiography be performed in district hospitals? Br Heart ] 1990;63:73."},{"key":"ref_105","article-title":"Cardiology health care in the North Western Region","author":"Heagerty, A.M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Heagerty AM. Cardiology health care in the North Western Region, 1993."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.63.2.74","article-title":"Major complications of coronary arteriography: the place of cardiac surgery","volume":"63","author":"Stewart, J.T.; Gray, H.H.; Ward, D.E.; Pumphrey, C.W.; Redwood, D.R.; Parker, D.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stewart JT, Gray HH, Ward DE, Pumphrey CW, Redwood DR, Parker DJ. Major complications of coronary arteriography: the place of cardiac surgery. Br Heart7 1990; 63:74--7.","journal-title":"Br Heart7"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"297","article-title":"Complications of diagnostic cardiac catheterisation: results from 34401 patients in the United Kingdom confidential enquiry into cardiac catheter complications","volume-title":"Br Heart","volume":"70","author":"de Bono D","year":"1993","unstructured":"de Bono D. Complications of diagnostic cardiac catheterisation: results from 34401 patients in the United Kingdom confidential enquiry into cardiac catheter complications. Br Heart ] 1993;70:297-300."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"828","article-title":"A preliminary report comparing magnetic resonance coronary angiography with conventional angiography. N Engl 3 Med","volume":"328","author":"Manning, W.J.; Li, W.; Edelman, R.R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Manning WJ, Li W, Edelman RR. A preliminary report comparing magnetic resonance coronary angiography with conventional angiography. N Engl 3 Med 1993;328: 828-32."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_109","first-page":"401","article-title":"Costeffectiveness and safety of inpatient versus outpatient coronary angiography","volume":"72","author":"Christie, L.G.; Carlson, K.L.; Michels, L.G.; Liberty, S.W.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Christie LG, Carlson KL, Michels LG, Liberty SW. Costeffectiveness and safety of inpatient versus outpatient coronary angiography. Circulation 1985;72(4):401.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref_110","first-page":"5","article-title":"Guidelines for the performance of outpatient catheterization and angiographic procedures","volume":"1992","author":"Clark, D.A.; Moscovich, M.D.; Vetrovec, G.W.; Wexler, L.","unstructured":"Clark DA, Moscovich MD, Vetrovec GW, Wexler L. Guidelines for the performance of outpatient catheterization and angiographic procedures. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1992,27:5-7.","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"ref_111","article-title":"Report of the Cardiac Specialty Review Group","author":"Group, London Implementation","year":"1993","unstructured":"London Implementation Group. Report of the Cardiac Specialty Review Group. HMSO, London 1993."},{"key":"ref_112","article-title":"Hospital volumne, physician volume and patient outcomes: assessing the evidence","author":"Luft, H.S.; Garnick, D.W.; Mark, D.H.; McPhee, S.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Luft HS, Garnick DW, Mark DH, McPhee SJ. Hospital volumne, physician volume and patient outcomes: assessing the evidence. Ann Arbor MI, Health Administration Press Perspectives, Michigan 1990."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"29","article-title":"Acroyms in angioplasty and restenosis: a summary of recent and ongoing clinical randomised trials. ]ournal of Interventional","volume":"5","author":"Landau, C.; Faxon, D.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Landau C, Faxon D. Acroyms in angioplasty and restenosis: a summary of recent and ongoing clinical randomised trials. ]ournal of Interventional Cardiology 1992; 5:29-37.","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"1277","article-title":"Developing the health care market","author":"Maynard, A.","unstructured":"Maynard A. Developing the health care market. Economic ]ournal 1991;101:1277-86."},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Protocol for the bypass angioplasty revascularisation investigation","volume":"V):","author":"participants, B.A.R.I.","year":"1991","unstructured":"BARI participants. Protocol for the bypass angioplasty revascularisation investigation. Circulation 1991;84(suppl V):V1-V27.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012063232306","article-title":"Frequency and costs of diagnostic imaging in office practicea comparison of self referring and radiologist-referring physicians","volume":"323","author":"Hillman, B.J.; Joseph, C.A.; Marby, M.R.; Sunshine, J.H.; Kennedy, S.D.; Noether, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hillman BJ, Joseph CA, Marby MR, Sunshine JH, Kennedy SD, Noether M. Frequency and costs of diagnostic imaging in office practicea comparison of self referring and radiologist-referring physicians. N Engl] Med 1990; 323:1604-8.","journal-title":"N Engl] Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.49.4.335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:34:21Z","timestamp":1759512861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.49.4.335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.49.4.335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.49.4.335","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-005X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-2738"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}}}