{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:53:21Z","timestamp":1790268801865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To determine how iodine deficiency and endemic goitre disappeared in Britain. DESIGN: Review of surveys of endemic goitre and iodine nutrition. MAIN RESULTS: Endemic goitre was widespread in Britain but has declined, most notably since the 1960's. Its disappearance was probably due to changes in farming practice, especially iodine supplementation in dairy herds which has resulted in iodine contamination of milk and dairy produce. CONCLUSIONS: Although iodization of dairy herds offers an indirect method of counteracting iodine deficiency, it is haphazard and there should be careful and continuous monitoring of iodine intakes in the population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.51.4.391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:10:54Z","timestamp":1226502654000},"page":"391-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Iodine, milk, and the elimination of endemic goitre in Britain: the story of an accidental public health triumph."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"D I","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"This provided an economic incentive for the iodine supplementation of dairy herds, which was achieved by providing iodized salt licks for cattle (introduced by Boots in 1928) and subsequently the use of iodine enriched cattle feed (marketed by Spillers in 1937). The result was a spectacular rise in the iodine content of milk, particularly during the winter months when pasture is in short supply and cattle are dependent on iodine rich artificial feed. The use of iodinated casein, given to cows as a lactation promoter, and iodophor disinfectants, used for cleaning teats and bulk milk tankers, also contributed to the iodine contamination of milk.'3","unstructured":"This provided an economic incentive for the iodine supplementation of dairy herds, which was achieved by providing iodized salt licks for cattle (introduced by Boots in 1928) and subsequently the use of iodine enriched cattle feed (marketed by Spillers in 1937). The result was a spectacular rise in the iodine content of milk, particularly during the winter months when pasture is in short supply and cattle are dependent on iodine rich artificial feed. The use of iodinated casein, given to cows as a lactation promoter, and iodophor disinfectants, used for cleaning teats and bulk milk tankers, also contributed to the iodine contamination of milk.'3"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Treatise on English bronchocoele, with a few remarks on the use of iodine and its compounds","author":"Inglis, J.","year":"1838","unstructured":"Inglis J. Treatise on English bronchocoele, with a few remarks on the use of iodine and its compounds. London, 1838."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"105","article-title":"Prevalence and geographical distribution of endemic goitre. In: Endemic goitre. WHO. Monograph Series No 44","author":"Kelly, F.C.; Snedden, W.W.","year":"1960","unstructured":"Kelly FC, Snedden WW. Prevalence and geographical distribution of endemic goitre. In: Endemic goitre. WHO. Monograph Series No 44. Geneva: WHO, 1960:105-9."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"395","article-title":"Endemic cretinism","volume-title":"goitre and endemic cretinism","author":"Pharoah, P.O.D.; Delange, F.; Fierro-Benitez, R.; Stanbury, J.B.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Pharoah POD, Delange F, Fierro-Benitez R, Stanbury JB. Endemic cretinism. In: Stanbury JB, Hetzel BS eds. Endemic goitre and endemic cretinism. New York: Wiley, 1980: 395-421."},{"issue":"21","key":"ref_5","first-page":"223","article-title":"Goitre in the English school child","volume":"1928","author":"Stocks, P.","unstructured":"Stocks P. Goitre in the English school child. Quart J Med 1928;21:223-75.","journal-title":"Quart J Med"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Thyroid enlargement and other changes related to the mineral content of drinking water (with a note on goitre prophylaxis). 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