{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T05:10:42Z","timestamp":1759727442575,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of elderly populations associated with variations in their use of community health and personal social services and to test the hypotheses that the variations are related to: (a) the age structure of an elderly population; (b) the population's socioeconomic composition, including the level of deprivation; and (c) household or living arrangements. DESIGN: A common file of 1991 population census and 1994 NHS community trust operational variables was constructed for 67 postcode sectors, with the independent variables describing the age-sex groups to be studied. Clear criteria for the exclusion of \"empty\" sectors were developed. Relationships using bivariate and multivariate correlation and stepwise multiple regression were explored. SETTING: Eastern Health and Social Services Board area, Northern Ireland (Belfast and hinterland). PARTICIPANTS: Population of statutory pensionable age; in aggregate, younger and older age bands. MAIN RESULTS: The age structure or mean age of the elderly population had only a weak association with the community health and social service client rate, but there were strong associations with socio-economic variables, particularly the percentage of those living alone who were without a car and the percentage of pensioner households that included an adult of below pensionable age. Parsimonious multiple regression models accounted for between 46% and 80% of the variation in the NHS community trust client rate. Greater explanations were achieved for the young elderly population than for those aged 75+ years and, when the population was divided between young and old age bands, for men than for women. CONCLUSIONS: Community health and social services for elderly people in eastern Northern Ireland were focused on those with a low income and those who were not co-resident with adults of working age. When local elderly populations are compared, per capita morbidity and dependency are often higher where the mean age is low, and vice versa, because of the inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and survival in old age. Capitation scales for resource allocation with positive age weighting will be of little use if no account is taken of the relative prevalence of need in the youngest or base age group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.51.6.722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,12]],"date-time":"2008-11-12T15:10:54Z","timestamp":1226502654000},"page":"722-730","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Population predictors of community health and social service use in Northern Ireland."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"A M","family":"Warnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G K","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Public expenditure priorities: health and personal social services. Report 31","author":"Council, Northern Ireland Economic","year":"1982","unstructured":"Northern Ireland Economic Council. Public expenditure priorities: health and personal social services. Report 31. Belfast: Northern Ireland Economic Council, 1982."},{"volume-title":"Northern Ireland Economic Council. The reform ofhealth and social care in Northern Ireland: an introduction to the economic issues. Belfast: Northern Ireland Economic Council","year":"1994","key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Northern Ireland Economic Council. The reform ofhealth and social care in Northern Ireland: an introduction to the economic issues. Belfast: Northern Ireland Economic Council, 1994."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"deprivation and needs for health and social services among elderly people","author":"AMAge, Warnes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Warnes AM, ed. Age, deprivation and needs for health and social services among elderly people. Belfast: Eastern Health and Social Services Board, 1995."},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"for Northern Ireland, The Northern Ireland census 1991: small area statistics, user guide 1, introductory notes and table outlines","author":"Census Office","year":"1994","unstructured":"Census Office for Northern Ireland, The Northern Ireland census 1991: small area statistics, user guide 1, introductory notes and table outlines, Belfast: CONI, 1994."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047279400020341","volume":"16","author":"Deprivation, Townsend P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Townsend P. Deprivation. J Social Policy 1987;16:125-46.","journal-title":"J Social Policy"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92337-7","article-title":"Inequalities in death: specific explanations of a general pattern?","volume":"i:","author":"Marmot, M.G.; Shipley, M.J.; Rose, G.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Marmot MG, Shipley MJ, Rose G. Inequalities in death: specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet 1984;i: 1003-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/0032472031000141256","article-title":"Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England and Wales","volume":"39","author":"Pamuk, E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pamuk E. Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England and Wales. Population Studies, 1985;39:17-31.","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6937.1153","article-title":"Health and social inequality in Europe","volume":"308","author":"Power, C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Power C. Health and social inequality in Europe. BMJ 1994;308:1153-6.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"The health divide: inequalities in health","author":"Whitehead, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Whitehead M. The health divide: inequalities in health. London: Health Education Council, 1987."},{"issue":"308","key":"ref_10","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Divided we fall: the poor pay the price of increased social inequality with their health","volume":"1994","author":"Wilkinson, R.G.","unstructured":"Wilkinson RG. Divided we fall: the poor pay the price of increased social inequality with their health. BMJ 1994,308:1113-4.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"14","article-title":"Elderly people driving cars: issues and prospects","volume-title":"Gerontology: responding to an ageing population","author":"Warnes, A.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Warnes AM. Elderly people driving cars: issues and prospects. In Morgan K, ed. Gerontology: responding to an ageing population. London: Jessica Kingsley, 1992; 14-32."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/35.6.724","article-title":"Changes in the living arrangements of older women: an international study","volume":"35","author":"Wolf, D.A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wolf DA. Changes in the living arrangements of older women: an international study. The Gerontologist 1995;35: 724-31. Warnes AM, Ford R.","journal-title":"The Gerontologist"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.51.6.722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T04:33:51Z","timestamp":1759725231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.51.6.722"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.51.6.722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.51.6.722","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-005X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-2738"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,12]]}}}