{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:30:13Z","timestamp":1792593013263,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To measure the levels of fatigue in the general population, and to examine how disease and sociodemographic factors influence fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross sectional questionnaire study in the Danish general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SUBJECTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A random, age stratified sample of 1608 people aged 20\u201377 with an equal gender distribution (response rate 67%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five fatigue scales from the questionnaire Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory: General Fatigue, Physical Fatigue, Reduced Activity, Reduced Motivation and Mental Fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fatigue scores were skewed towards absence of fatigue. The General Fatigue and Physical Fatigue scales showed the highest fatigue levels while the Reduced Motivation scale showed lowest levels. Gender differences in fatigue scores were small, but the variability among women was higher\u2014that is, more women had high scores. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that respondents of low social status and respondents with a depression had high fatigue scores on all scales, independent of other factors. Chronic somatic disease had an independent direct effect on Mental Fatigue, but for the rest of the scales, the effect of somatic disease depended on age, gender and\/or whether the person was living alone. For example, General and Physical Fatigue decreased with age among healthy people, whereas scores on these scales increased with age among those with a somatic disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Physical and mental diseases play essential parts for the level of fatigue and as modulators of the associations between sociodemographic factors and fatigue. These interactions should be taken into account in future research on fatigue and sociodemographic factors and when data from clinical studies are compared with normative data from the general population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.54.11.827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:33:18Z","timestamp":1027751598000},"page":"827-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["Fatigue in the Danish general population. Influence of sociodemographic factors and disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Torquil","family":"Watt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mogens","family":"Groenvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob Bue","family":"Bjorner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Noerholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels-Anton","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Bech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.33.3.191"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.33.3.191","article-title":"Symptom prevalence and severity in a general practice population.","volume":"33","author":"Ingham","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410240067007"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02598083"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02598083","article-title":"Fatigue in primary care: prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, illness behavior, and outcome.","volume":"7","author":"Cathebras","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.6","first-page":"413","article-title":"Patients who consult with tiredness: frequency of consultation, perceived causes of tiredness and its association with psychological distress.","volume":"44","author":"Ridsdale","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6816.1490","article-title":"Tired all the time.","volume":"303","author":"Ridsdale","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1993.319","article-title":"Fatigue in cancer patients.","volume":"68","author":"Smets","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90104-N"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90104-N","article-title":"The measurement of fatigue: a new instrument.","volume":"37","author":"Schwartz","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(89)90088-3"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(89)90088-3","article-title":"Fatigue and heart disease. The association between \u201cvital exhaustion\u201d and past, present and future coronary heart disease.","volume":"33","author":"Appels","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00364969"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005200050142"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/9.7.758"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00296-5"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90018-N"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90018-N","article-title":"Feelings of fatigue and psychopathology: a conceptual history.","volume":"31","author":"Berrios","year":"1990","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7489(96)00004-1"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7489(96)00004-1","article-title":"Fatigue: a concept analysis.","volume":"33","author":"Ream","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-618X.1996.tb00293.x","article-title":"Fatigue: a summary of the definitions, dimensions, and indicators.","volume":"7","author":"Tiesinga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nurs Diagn"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00429-7"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1999.00478.x"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90517-0"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90517-0","article-title":"Relationship between subjective fatigue and physiological variables in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","volume":"92","author":"Breukink","year":"1998","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00166-1"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679809062727"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13d03.x"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.13d03.x","article-title":"Association of fatigue with an acute phase response in sarcoidosis.","volume":"13","author":"Drent","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(93)90127-H"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(93)90127-H","article-title":"Treatment-related fatigue and serum interleukin-1 levels in patients during external beam irradiation for prostate cancer.","volume":"8","author":"Greenberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1998.500","article-title":"A randomized phase II trial of interleukin 2 and interleukin 2- interferon alpha in advanced renal cancer.","volume":"78","author":"Jayson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00128-4"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.46.2.92"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(86)90037-X"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(86)90037-X","article-title":"The epidemiology of self-perceived fatigue among adults.","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1996.tb122199.x","article-title":"Fatigue in selected primary care settings: sociodemographic and psychiatric correlates.","volume":"164","author":"Hickie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/02813439008994923","article-title":"Symptoms by age and sex. The population studies of men and women in Gothenburg, Sweden.","volume":"8","author":"Tibblin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009562","article-title":"Factor analysis of unexplained severe fatigue and interrelated symptoms: overlap with criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome.","volume":"148","author":"Nisenbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.9.1449"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6931.763"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004357"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00029-6"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00029-6","article-title":"Fatigue and sleep disorders.","volume":"35","author":"Lichstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92537-6"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00019-6"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(97)00019-6","article-title":"Fatigue in the workforce of National Health Service Trusts: levels of symptomatology and links with minor psychiatric disorder, demographic, occupational and work role factors.","volume":"43","author":"Hardy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6762.1199","article-title":"Tired, weak, or in need of rest: fatigue among general practice attenders.","volume":"301","author":"David","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1996.475826000.x"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v26n03_04"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.51.4.517"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199406000-00002"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)00125-O"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)00125-O","article-title":"The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) psychometric qualities of an instrument to assess fatigue.","volume":"39","author":"Smets","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.55","unstructured":"Smets EM (1997) A. Fatigue in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. [Thesis]. (University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam)."},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90081-P"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5394.1998.006003143.x"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990301)85:5<1186::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","article-title":"The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"46","author":"Krupp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008842517972"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008842517972","article-title":"Measurement of fatigue in cancer patients: development and validation of the Fatigue Symptom Inventory.","volume":"7","author":"Hann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.42"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.42","article-title":"Application of the multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI-20) in cancer patients receiving radiotherapy.","volume":"73","author":"Smets","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.65","unstructured":"Groenvold M. Report on the translation of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI20) from English to Danish. Copenhagen: 1997.."},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.66","unstructured":"Hansen EJ (1987) Inequality in the welfare state. in The Scandinavian model. eds Erikson R Hansen EJ Ringen S (M E Sharpe, New York)."},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.67","unstructured":"SAS Institute (1990) SAS\/STAT user's guide. (SAS Institue Inc, Cary)."},{"key":"2025100310580599000_54.11.827.68","unstructured":"Statistics Denmark (1998) Statistical yearbook 1998. (Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.54.11.827","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:58:17Z","timestamp":1759514297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.54.11.827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.54.11.827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.54.11.827","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-005X","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-2738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]}}}