{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:24:04Z","timestamp":1789201444335,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine the contribution of different foods to the estimated intakes of vitamin C among those differing in plasma vitamin C levels, and thereby inform dietary strategies for correcting possible deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cross sectional random population survey.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>North Glasgow, Scotland, 1992.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>632 men and 635 women, aged 25 to 74 years, not taking vitamin supplements, who participated in the third MONICA study (population survey monitoring trends and determinants of cardiovascular disease).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dietary and sociodemographic information was collected using a food frequency and lifestyle questionnaire. Plasma vitamin C was measured in non-fasted venous blood samples and subjects categorised by cut points of 11.4 and 22.7 \u03bcmol\/l as being of low, marginal or optimal vitamin C status. Food sources of dietary vitamin C were identified for subjects in these categories. Plasma vitamin C concentrations were compared among groups classified according to intake of key foods. More men (26%) than women (14%) were in the low category for vitamin C status; as were a higher percentage of smokers and of those in the older age groups. Intake of vitamin C from potatoes and chips (fried potatoes) was uniform across categories; while the determinants of optimal versus low status were the intakes of citrus fruit, non-citrus fruit and fruit juice. Optimal status was achieved by a combined frequency of fruit, vegetables and\/or fruit juice of three times a day or more except in older male smokers where a frequency greater than this was required even to reach a marginal plasma vitamin C level.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fruit, vegetables and\/or fruit juice three or more times a day increases plasma vitamin C concentrations above the threshold for risk of deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.54.5.355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:33:18Z","timestamp":1027751598000},"page":"355-360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Plasma vitamin C and food choice in the third Glasgow MONICA population survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Wendy 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