{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:10:35Z","timestamp":1790457035495,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study hypothesises that the presumed increased risk of self reported longstanding psychiatric illness and intake of psychotropic drugs among Iranian, Chilean, Turkish, and Kurdish adults, when these groups are compared with Polish adults, can be explained by living alone, poor acculturation, unemployment, and low sense of coherence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from a national sample of immigrants\/refugees, who were between the ages of 20\u201344 years old, upon their arrival in Sweden between 1980 and 1989. Unconditional logistic regression was used in the statistical modelling.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>1059 female and 921 male migrants from Iran, Chile, Turkey, Kurdistan and Poland and a random sample of 3001 Swedes, all between the ages of 27\u201360 years, were interviewed in 1996 by Statistics Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>MAIN RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with Swedes, all immigrants had an increased risk of self reported longstanding psychiatric illness and for intake of psychotropic drugs, with results for the Kurds being non-significant. Compared with Poles, Iranian and Chilean migrants had an increased risk of psychiatric illness, when seen in relation to a model in which adjustment was made for sex and age. The difference became non-significant for Chileans when marital status was taken into account. After including civil status and knowledge of the Swedish language, the increased risks for intake of psychotropic drugs for Chileans and Iranians disappeared. Living alone, poor knowledge of the Swedish language, non-employment, and low sense of coherence were strong risk factors for self reported longstanding psychiatric illness and for intake of psychotropic drugs. Iranian, Chilean, Turkish and Kurdish immigrants more frequently reported living in segregated neighbourhoods and having a greater desire to leave Sweden than their Polish counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evidence substantiates a strong association between ethnicity and self reported longstanding psychiatric illness, as well as intake of psychotropic drugs. This association is weakened by marital status, acculturation status, employment status, and sense of coherence.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.9.657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:35:59Z","timestamp":1027751759000},"page":"657-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Ethnicity, self reported psychiatric illness, and intake of psychotropic drugs in five ethnic groups in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Bayard-Burfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S-E","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01788193"},{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01788193","article-title":"Mental hospital admission rates of immigrants to England: a comparison of 1971 and 1981.","volume":"24","author":"Cochrane","year":"1989","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.3","first-page":"91","article-title":"Suicide levels and trends among immigrants in England and Wales.","volume":"24","author":"Raleigh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Health Trends"},{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114839","article-title":"Convergence of suicide rates to those in the destination country.","volume":"127","author":"Kliewer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10050.x","article-title":"Immigration, moving house and psychiatric admissions.","volume":"2","author":"Johansson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/13811119908258314","article-title":"Attempted suicide among Swedish-born people and foreign-born migrants.","volume":"5","author":"Bayard-Burfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Sui Res"},{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09753.x","article-title":"Definite and undetermined forensic diagnoses of suicide among immigrants in Sweden.","volume":"91","author":"Ferrada-Noli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00142-6","article-title":"Suicide among foreign-born minorities and native Swedes: An epidemiological follow-up study of a defined population.","volume":"44","author":"Johansson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025100309590112000_55.9.657.9","unstructured":"National Board of Health and Welfare (1998) Levnadsf\u00c3\u00b6rh\u00c3\u00a5llanden hos fyra invandrargrupper f\u00c3\u00b6dda i Chile, Iran, Polen och Turkiet [Living conditions for four groups of immigrants born in Chile, Iran, Poland and Turkey]. 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