{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:48:53Z","timestamp":1759513733480,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Epidemiol Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Study objectives:<\/jats:bold> To identify and quantify a hypothesised collective effect of the neighbourhood on individual use of anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs (AHD). To analyse the general impact of neighbourhood social participation on use of AHD, adjusting for individual characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold> Cross sectional analysis performed by multilevel logistic regression with women at the first level and neighbourhoods at the second level.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold> Malm\u00f6 (250 000 inhabitants), Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold>15 456 women aged 45 to 73, residing in 95 neighbourhoods in Malm\u00f6, who took part in the Malm\u00f6 diet and cancer study (1991\u20131996).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Main results:<\/jats:bold> The prevalence of AHD use was 5.5% in the study sample. Overall, 1.7% of the total individual differences in the propensity for using AHD were explained by the neighbourhood level. This percentage, however, differed between different individuals. Low level of social participation in the neighbourhood was associated with higher probability of AHD use (OR\u200a=\u200a3.10 (95% CI 1.51 to 6.41)), independently of individual age, low social participation, low educational level, and living alone. This association was reduced (OR\u200a=\u200a2.01 (95% CI 0.97 to 4.14)) after the additional accounting for individual disability pension, low self rated health, stress, and medication for somatic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>\n                  <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold> The neighbourhood level of social participation seems to affect individual use of AHD, possibly through individual characteristics. However, neighbourhood boundaries play a minor part in understanding individual AHD use in the city of Malm\u00f6.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.58.1.59","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,19]],"date-time":"2003-12-19T01:37:27Z","timestamp":1071797847000},"page":"59-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neighbourhood social participation and women\u2019s use of anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs: a multilevel analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Johnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Merlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1265\/jjh.48.601","volume":"48","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(88)90317-6","volume":"26","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.3","first-page":"97","volume":"45","year":"1993","journal-title":"WHO Reg Publ Eur Ser"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00611.x"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emmons KM. Health behaviors in a social context. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000:242\u201366.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195083316.003.0011"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macintyre S, Ellaway A. Ecological approaches: rediscovering the role of the physical and social environment. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000:332\u201348.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195083316.003.0014"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00061-1","volume":"48","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.8","unstructured":"Woolcock M, Deepa N. Social capital: implications for development theory, research and policy. World Bank Res Obs 1999;Feb."},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawachi I, Berkman LF. Social cohesion, social capital, and health. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000:174\u201390.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195083316.003.0008"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.10","first-page":"46","volume":"35","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00647.x"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.8.788"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.13","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Norwegian Institute of Public Health. (http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atcddd\/)."},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.14","first-page":"55","volume":"45","year":"1993","journal-title":"WHO Reg Publ Eur Ser"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.15","unstructured":"Sweden Statistics. Living conditions. Isolation and togetherness - an outlook on social participation 1976, Report no 18. Stockholm: Sweden Statistics, 1980."},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.16","unstructured":"Snijders T, Bosker R. Multilevel analysis - an introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999."},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1177\/135581969600100307","volume":"1","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.18","unstructured":"Leyland A, Goldstein H. Multilevel modelling of health statistics. Chichester: Wiley, 2001."},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.19","unstructured":"Goldstein H, Browne W, Rasbash J. Partitioning variation in multilevel models. London: Multilevel Models Project, Institute of Education (http:\/\/multilevel.ioe.ac.uk\/team\/materials\/pvmm.pdf)."},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.20","unstructured":"Browne W, Subramanian S, Jones K, et al. Variance partitioning in multilevel logistic models that exhibit over-dispersion. London: Multilevel Models Project, Institute of Education (http:\/\/multilevel.ioe.ac.uk\/team\/materials\/vpmlmeo.pdf)."},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.21","unstructured":"Rasbash J, Browne W, Goldstein H, et al. A user\u2019s guide to MLwiN. Version 2.1. London: Multilevel Models Project, Institute of Education, University of London, 2000."},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00147-2","volume":"54","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314979"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.24","first-page":"iii92","volume":"3","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-200112000-00003"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489702500407","volume":"25","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg053"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08109.x"},{"key":"2025100305440073000_58.1.59.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.8.550"}],"container-title":["Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.58.1.59","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T12:44:10Z","timestamp":1759495450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jech.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jech.58.1.59"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jech.58.1.59"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.58.1.59","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-005X","1470-2738"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-005X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-2738"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,18]]}}}