{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:29:36Z","timestamp":1784042976710,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to understand how women with single or recurrent miscarriages cope during the waiting periods after miscarriage \u2013 waiting for pregnancy or waiting for pregnancy confirmation \u2013 and to investigate their perception of a \u2018positive reappraisal\u2019 coping intervention designed for these waiting periods. Positive reappraisal is a cognitive strategy to change the meaning of a situation, specifically reinterpreting the situation in a more positive way.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A qualitative methodology was used. Data were obtained from two focus groups comprising nine women with one or more miscarriages.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two core categories, \u2018uncertainty\u2019 and \u2018bracing\u2019, were highlighted during the waiting period for confirmation of an ongoing pregnancy. Women who had experienced a single miscarriage appraised this waiting period as benign and used distraction and coping by social support. Women with recurrent miscarriages could not confidently appraise the waiting period as one that would bring hope or joy and used bracing for the worst as their coping strategy to manage this ambivalence. With this strategy, women tried to control their current emotions, and looked into the future to try to minimise their distress if a further miscarriage occurred. Although all women thought that a \u2018positive reappraisal\u2019 coping intervention would be practical and applicable during waiting periods, only women with recurrent miscarriages actually wanted to use such an intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coping interventions targeting reappraisal of the waiting period stressor situation could help women to cope as they wait for a subsequent pregnancy to be confirmed as ongoing. Coping interventions may need to be tailored, but before any strategy is introduced, further study is needed to identify the most appropriate approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2012-100346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T01:54:43Z","timestamp":1358474083000},"page":"250-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Coping after recurrent miscarriage: uncertainty and bracing for the worst"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Henrietta D L","family":"Ockhuijsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Student, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacky","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"van den Hoogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nurse Researcher, Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nickolas S","family":"Macklon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(95)00579-X"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.09.009","article-title":"Levels and effects of different forms of anxiety during pregnancy after a prior miscarriage","volume":"142","author":"Fertl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.3","first-page":"59","article-title":"Medical waiting periods: imminence, emotions and coping","volume":"6","author":"Boivin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Womens Health"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.2.387"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/02646830124923","article-title":"The psychological impact of recurrent miscarriage, and the role of counseling at a pre-pregnancy counseling clinic","volume":"19","author":"Rowsell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Reprod Infant Psychol"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.04.004","article-title":"The influence of medical and psychological interventions on women's distress after miscarriage","volume":"3","author":"Nikcevic","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2008.1202","article-title":"Resolution of depression and grief during the first year after miscarriage: a randomized controlled clinical trial of couples-focused interventions","volume":"18","author":"Swanson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00138-2"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den257"},{"key":"2025090221462199000_39.4.250.10","unstructured":"Lazarus RS Folkman S . 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