{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:46:14Z","timestamp":1792658774472,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe factors associated with pregnancy desire and dual method use among people living with HIV in clinical care in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexually active HIV-positive adults were enrolled in 18 HIV clinics in Kenya, Namibia and Tanzania. Demographic, clinical and reproductive health data were captured by interview and medical record abstraction. Correlates of desiring a pregnancy within the next 6\u2005months, and dual method use [defined as consistent condom use together with a highly effective method of contraception (hormonal, intrauterine device (IUD), permanent)], among those not desiring pregnancy, were identified using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 3375 participants (median age 37 years, 42% male, 64% on antiretroviral treatment), 565 (17%) desired a pregnancy within the next 6\u2005months. Of those with no short-term fertility desire (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=2542), 686 (27%) reported dual method use, 250 (10%) highly effective contraceptive use only, 1332 (52%) condom use only, and 274 (11%) no protection. Respondents were more likely to desire a pregnancy if they were from Namibia and Tanzania, male, had a primary education, were married\/cohabitating, and had fewer children. Factors associated with increased likelihood of dual method use included being female, being comfortable asking a partner to use a condom, and communication with a health care provider about family planning. Participants who perceived that their partner wanted a pregnancy were less likely to report dual method use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was low dual method use and low use of highly effective contraception. Contraceptive protection was predominantly through condom-only use. These findings demonstrate the importance of integrating reproductive health services into routine HIV care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2013-100784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]],"date-time":"2014-12-15T02:17:42Z","timestamp":1418609862000},"page":"e1-e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Pregnancy desire and dual method contraceptive use among people living with HIV attending clinical care in Kenya, Namibia and Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Gretchen","family":"Antelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Evaluation Director (Tanzania), ICAP, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Medley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Scientist, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Redempta","family":"Mbatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Executive Director, Tanzania Health Promotion Support, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherri","family":"Pals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Statistician, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilly","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Director of Science, CTS Global Inc., assigned to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Haberlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Office Team Lead, CTS Global Inc., assigned to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Ackers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Care and Treatment Branch Chief, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Batya","family":"Elul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Strategic Information (ICAP) and Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Study Coordinator, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anath","family":"Rwebembera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrician, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Wanjiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Care and Treatment Medical Officer, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Muraguri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director of Medical Services, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justice","family":"Gweshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Medical Officer and National Programme Manager, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Mudhune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior M&E Officer, Research and Evaluation, The International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs (ICAP), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Bachanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Scientist, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090511054453000_41.1.e1.1","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. 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