{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:12:11Z","timestamp":1790745131683,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Irregular bleeding is one of the most common side effects of hormonal contraception and a key reason for the discontinuation of hormonal methods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A qualitative study in which 12 young women volunteered to be interviewed in depth, along with six focus group discussions (23 participants). The study had two main research objectives: to document and investigate what young women think and feel about menstruation and contraception, and to explore young women's preferences regarding the intersection of contraceptives and bleeding patterns.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although participants held a broad view that menstruation can be an inconvenience, they did ascribe positive values to having a regular bleed. Bleeding was seen as a signifier of non-pregnancy and also an innate part of being a woman. A preference for a \u2018natural\u2019 menstruating body was a strong theme, and the idea of selecting a hormonal contraceptive that might stop the bleeding was not overly popular, unless the young woman suffered with painful natural menstruation. Contraceptives that mimicked the menstrual cycle were acceptable to most, suggesting that cyclic bleeding still holds a symbolic function for women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>When counselling young women about the effect of different contraceptive modalities on their bleeding, practitioners should explore how the women feel about their bleeding, including how they might feel if their bleeding stopped or if they experienced erratic bleeding patterns. Practitioners also need to recognise the subjective understanding of the \u2018natural body\u2019 as held by some women, and in these cases to support them in their seeking out of non-hormonal methods of contraception.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2014-100956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]],"date-time":"2014-10-28T03:18:04Z","timestamp":1414466284000},"page":"210-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Hormonal contraception and regulation of menstruation: a study of young women's attitudes towards \u2018having a period\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Victoria Louise","family":"Newton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Faculty of Health and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Hoggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Health and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"(S2)","key":"2025090510504136000_41.3.210.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2010.529969","article-title":"New regimens with combined oral contraceptive pills \u2013 moving away from the traditional 21\/7 cycles","volume":"15","author":"Read","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"2025090510504136000_41.3.210.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2010.535871","article-title":"Women's views and experiences of their vaginal bleeding patterns: an international perspective from Norplant users","volume":"16","author":"d'Arcangues","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"2025090510504136000_41.3.210.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-011-0038-x","article-title":"\u2018Am I going to be natural or am I not?\u2019: Canadian women's perceptions and experiences of menstrual supression","volume":"68","author":"Repta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"2025090510504136000_41.3.210.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.12.012","article-title":"Characteristics of scheduled bleeding manipulation with combined hormonal contraception in university students","volume":"88","author":"Lakehomer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"2025090510504136000_41.3.210.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"French K . 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