{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:35:56Z","timestamp":1760985356954,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Unplanned pregnancy rates in South Africa are high. Effective use of contraception is therefore an essential public health intervention to prevent unplanned pregnancies. This study describes contraception use and its impact on pregnancy in women participating in HIV prevention research and its implications for public health practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A secondary analysis of sociodemographic, behavioural, contraception use, and pregnancy incidence data was conducted amongst women participating in the Microbicides Development Programme (MDP) 301 trial conducted in Durban, South Africa. Log-rank tests were carried out to compare the pregnancy incidence between women who reported use of injectable contraceptive methods compared to women using oral contraceptive pills, using condoms and other methods (intrauterine device, traditional methods and natural methods). The effect of types of contraceptives on pregnancy incidence was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 2018 women enrolled, injectable contraception was the most commonly used method (52%) compared to pills, condoms for pregnancy prevention and other methods. Injectable contraception use was associated with lower crude pregnancy incidence of 4.4 per 100 woman-years [95% confidence interval (95% CI 3.3\u20135.9)] compared to women using pills [19.3 per 100 woman-years (95% CI 13.3\u201328.0)], condoms [19.7 per 100 woman-years (95% CI 16.3\u201323.6)] and other methods [11.5 per 100 woman-years (95% CI 7.5\u201317.6)]. This effect remained significant when adjusted for age, level of education, condom use at last sex act [hazard ratio 0.27, (95% CI 0.16\u20130.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001)].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Injectable contraception offered a high level of protection against pregnancies among women in Durban.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ISRCTN64716212.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jfprhc-2014-101100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]],"date-time":"2015-08-10T22:09:42Z","timestamp":1439244582000},"page":"5-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Contraception use and impact on pregnancy prevention in women participating in an HIV prevention trial in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jayajothi","family":"Moodley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Scientist, HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Scientist, HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Handan","family":"Wand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistician, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gita","family":"Ramjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chief Specialist Scientist, Director, HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; and Honorary Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.1","unstructured":"Bafana T . Factors influencing contraceptive use and unplanned pregnancy in a South African Population. Masters dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa, 2010."},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.2","unstructured":"Hatcher RA , Trussell J , Nelson AL , et al . Contraceptive Technology (20th edn). New York, NY: Ardent Media, 2011."},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.3","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Effectiveness of Family Planning Methods. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/reproductivehealth\/UnintendedPregnancy\/PDF\/Contraceptive_methods_508.pdf [accessed 1 June 2014]."},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.4","unstructured":"South Africa Department of Health. National Contraception and Fertility Planning Policy and Service Delivery Guidelines. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Health, 2012."},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.5","unstructured":"South Africa Department of Health . South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2003 . Full Report. Pretoria, South Africa: South Africa Department of Health, 2007."},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61086-0"},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-10-99"},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.8","unstructured":"South Africa Department of Health. National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey in South Africa, 2009 . Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Health, 2010."},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834f990f"},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu113"},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.105700","article-title":"Population-level impact of hormonal contraception on incidence of HIV infection and pregnancy in women in Durban, South Africa","volume":"90","author":"Ramjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2025090511115321000_42.1.5.12","unstructured":"South Africa Department of Health. National Contraception Clinical Guidelines 2012. Pretoria, South Africa: South Africa Department of Health, 2012."}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jfprhc-2014-101100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]],"date-time":"2025-09-05T18:37:26Z","timestamp":1757097446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jfprhc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jfprhc-2014-101100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jfprhc-2014-101100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jfprhc-2014-101100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-1893","2045-2098"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1471-1893"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2098"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,10]]}}}