{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:18:32Z","timestamp":1790831912170,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute septic arthritis (ASA) is a common orthopedic infection of children which may produce devastating sequelae and chronic morbidity. Improved understanding of the intra-articular inflammatory response in ASA may identify cytokine targets with diagnostic or therapeutic potential, though no detailed investigations to this end have been performed. Given this, we used a multiplex cytokine assay for assessment of levels of 40 different cytokines in the synovial fluid and blood of children with ASA. Twelve children (8 controls undergoing orthopedic surgery for non-infectious conditions and 4 with ASA) were prospectively enrolled. Blood and synovial fluid were collected intraoperatively from each subject, and the levels of 40 cytokines were determined using a multiplex assay. Cytokines were organized by function and structure into 12 groups for analysis. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was used to control for type 1 errors, with an a priori false discovery rate of 10%. Subjects with ASA were younger than controls (mean age 8.0 vs 13.1 years, p=0.0400). Significant elevations were seen in interleukins (IL) with chemokine properties, IL-6 and those in the common-\u03b3 chain group in the blood and synovial fluid of children with ASA compared with controls, while significant elevations in 5 additional cytokine groups were seen in synovial fluid from children with ASA compared with controls, most notably IL-6 (median 8294.3 vs 10.7\u2009pg\/mL, p=0.0066). Our pilot study is the first to describe in detail the cytokine response in children with ASA, and highlights the need for additional study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2020-001526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]],"date-time":"2021-02-12T11:01:43Z","timestamp":1613127703000},"page":"1059-1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Synovial Fluid and Serum Cytokine Levels in Children with Septic Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3785-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Dehority","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Plaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn C","family":"Helmig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Huff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L","family":"Tigert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CTSC, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selina","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jim-2020-001526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e32836027ca"},{"key":"bibr2-jim-2020-001526","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.527-544.2002"},{"key":"bibr3-jim-2020-001526","first-page":"155","volume":"16","author":"Osiri M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy 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