{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:37:46Z","timestamp":1792798666640,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","award":["HHSN268201100001C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100001C"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p26gw61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","award":["HHSN268201100002C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100002C"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p26gw61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","award":["HHSN268201100003C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100003C"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p26gw61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","award":["HHSN268201100004C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100004C"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p26gw61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","award":["HHSN268201100046C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100046C"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p26gw61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) program is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","award":["HHSN271201100004C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201100004C"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05p26gw61","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY021747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY021747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY027406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY027406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between vitamin D and glaucoma is controversial. The objective of this study was to examine women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to determine if there is an association between vitamin D and incident glaucoma in postmenopausal women. We examined the association between dietary vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplements and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of developing glaucoma. 143,389 postmenopausal women from the WHI including a subset with serum 25(OH) D measurements were examined to determine the association of dietary, supplemental and serum levels of vitamin D to the development of glaucoma. Dietary intakes of vitamin D, use of vitamin D supplements and serum levels of 25(OH) D were predictors examined for the main outcome of incident glaucoma. In multivariable models adjusted for demographic, clinical variables and medication use, dietary vitamin D, vitamin D supplements, total vitamin D intake (diet plus supplements) and serum 25 (OH) D measurements were not significantly associated with incident glaucoma. In the CaD placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial, there was also no association in the active intervention arm with glaucoma. We conclude that dietary vitamin D intake, supplements and serum levels are not significantly related to the risk of developing glaucoma in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2020-001645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T16:24:17Z","timestamp":1610468657000},"page":"843-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association of Vitamin D with Incident Glaucoma: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Laura D","family":"Carbone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Medicine, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph C","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fridtjof","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski-Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo\u2014The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Bollinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Watsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1998.00364.x"},{"key":"bibr2-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31469-1"},{"key":"bibr3-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05227.x"},{"key":"bibr4-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16698-3"},{"key":"bibr5-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17177"},{"key":"bibr6-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2012.688235"},{"key":"bibr7-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13553"},{"key":"bibr8-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13788"},{"key":"bibr9-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7605"},{"key":"bibr10-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13019"},{"key":"bibr11-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.02.019"},{"key":"bibr12-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25922"},{"key":"bibr13-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0289-y"},{"key":"bibr14-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130879"},{"key":"bibr15-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2016.30.6.426"},{"key":"bibr16-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013003492"},{"key":"bibr17-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.05.008"},{"key":"bibr18-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20471\/acc.2016.55.02.04"},{"key":"bibr19-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9060636"},{"key":"bibr20-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2011.10.022"},{"key":"bibr21-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12125"},{"key":"bibr22-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00042-5"},{"key":"bibr23-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00043-7"},{"key":"bibr24-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0652"},{"key":"bibr25-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.03.004"},{"key":"bibr26-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.183541"},{"key":"bibr27-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00055-6"},{"key":"bibr28-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385"},{"key":"bibr29-jim-2020-001645","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D","author":"Institute of Medicine Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D, Calcium","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr30-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2011.06.009"},{"key":"bibr31-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0299"},{"key":"bibr32-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(04)00665-7"},{"key":"bibr33-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2012.733054"},{"key":"bibr34-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-6-200503150-00008"},{"key":"bibr35-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00101.x"},{"key":"bibr36-jim-2020-001645","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0138"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/jim-2020-001645","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1136\/jim-2020-001645","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/jim-2020-001645","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:37:31Z","timestamp":1777459051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1136\/jim-2020-001645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jim-2020-001645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jim-2020-001645","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-5589","1708-8267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}}}