{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:07:12Z","timestamp":1777723632961,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in the era of SARS-CoV-2 is challenging given minimal published clinical data. We used a large cohort of patients with AIH across the USA to investigate the differences in known risk factors for severe SARS-CoV-2 and AIH characteristics among patients who experienced symptoms consistent with COVID-19 illness versus those who did not. Additionally, we explored the effect of living through the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the extrahepatic symptoms and behaviors of patients with AIH. An invitation to complete a COVID-19-specific questionnaire was publicized in well-established social media cohorts of patients with AIH. Eligibility criteria were age \u226518 years, US residency, and an AIH diagnosis by a physician. A total of 420 individuals were eligible for the study. Symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were reported in 11% (n=48) with 3 patients requiring hospitalizations. Body mass index (BMI) &gt;40\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (23% vs 10%, p =0.01) and exposure to house (33% vs 3%, p=0.0001) or work (38% vs 17%, p =0.02) contacts with COVID-19 were factors found higher in those with symptoms. Cirrhosis or steroid use or immunosuppression was not significantly different between symptomatic and non-symptomatic groups. Worsening fatigue (45% vs 30%, p=0.06), anxiety (89% vs 70%, p=0.08), and itch (40% vs 18%, p=0.03) were more common among those reporting COVID-19 symptoms compared with those without. BMI &gt;40\u2009kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and exposure to contacts with COVID-19 illness but not cirrhosis or immunosuppression were associated with increased risk of COVID-19 illness in patients with AIH.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2021-001871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T11:23:09Z","timestamp":1627384989000},"page":"1426-1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Behaviors, symptoms, and outcomes of North American patients with autoimmune hepatitis during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Vahin","family":"Vuppalanchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Gelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Vuppalanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3809-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-jim-2021-001871","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Regional Office of Europe. Who announces COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic, 2020. Available: http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/health-emergencies\/coronavirus-covid-19\/news\/news\/2020\/3\/who-announces-covid-19-outbreak-a-pandemic#:~:text=The%20meeting%20follows%20the%20announcement,a%20growing%20number%20of%20countries"},{"key":"bibr2-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030186"},{"key":"bibr3-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"bibr4-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"key":"bibr5-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2020.03.001"},{"key":"bibr6-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0702"},{"key":"bibr7-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2010419"},{"key":"bibr8-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22923"},{"key":"bibr9-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1966"},{"key":"bibr10-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775"},{"key":"bibr11-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233147"},{"key":"bibr12-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.032"},{"key":"bibr13-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0576"},{"key":"bibr14-jim-2021-001871","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Public health guidance for Community-Related exposure, 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/php\/public-health-recommendations.html"},{"key":"bibr15-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201093"},{"key":"bibr16-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000717"},{"key":"bibr17-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051420"},{"key":"bibr18-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.05.001"},{"key":"bibr19-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.06.028"},{"key":"bibr20-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i19.2286"},{"key":"bibr21-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.05.013"},{"key":"bibr22-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.047"},{"key":"bibr23-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.01.021"},{"key":"bibr24-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.02.015"},{"key":"bibr25-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7683"},{"key":"bibr26-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-019-05756-7"},{"key":"bibr27-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000247136.28950.41"},{"key":"bibr28-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30127-0"},{"key":"bibr29-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.25756"},{"key":"bibr30-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31281"},{"key":"bibr31-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.10.035"},{"key":"bibr32-jim-2021-001871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060430"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/jim-2021-001871","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1136\/jim-2021-001871","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1136\/jim-2021-001871","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:37:47Z","timestamp":1777459067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1136\/jim-2021-001871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jim-2021-001871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jim-2021-001871","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-5589","1708-8267"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-5589","type":"print"},{"value":"1708-8267","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}}}