{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T16:53:06Z","timestamp":1794243186943,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NCI","award":["R01CA222203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA222203"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Contract"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Contract"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"James W. and Frances G. McGlothlin Chair in Melanoma Immunotherapy","award":["Endowed Chair"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Endowed Chair"]}]},{"name":"NCI","award":["P0CA121973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0CA121973"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NCI grant","award":["R01CA228181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA228181"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Immunother Cancer"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tumors evade immune-mediated recognition through multiple mechanisms of immune escape. On chronic tumor antigen exposure, T cells become dysfunctional\/exhausted and upregulate various checkpoint inhibitory receptors (IRs) that limit T cells\u2019 survival and function. During the last decade, immunotherapies targeting IRs such as programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have provided ample evidence of clinical benefits in many solid tumors. Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1, multiple other IRs are also targeted with immune checkpoint blockade in the clinic. Specifically, T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a promising new target for cancer immunotherapy. TIGIT is upregulated by immune cells, including activated T cells, natural killer cells, and regulatory T cells. TIGIT binds to two ligands, CD155 (PVR) and CD112 (PVRL2, nectin-2), that are expressed by tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment. There is now ample evidence that the TIGIT pathway regulates T cell-mediated and natural killer cell-mediated tumor recognition in vivo and in vitro. Dual PD-1\/TIGIT blockade potently increases tumor antigen-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell expansion and function in vitro and promotes tumor rejection in mouse tumor models. These findings support development of ongoing clinical trials with dual PD-1\/TIGIT blockade in patients with cancer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000957","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T03:30:44Z","timestamp":1599535844000},"page":"e000957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":755,"title":["TIGIT in cancer immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03667716","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04099277","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Joe-Marc","family":"Chauvin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassane 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