{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T12:28:00Z","timestamp":1763728080198,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science Fund Project","award":["No.81902470","No.82102687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.81902470","No.82102687"]}]},{"name":"Shantou City Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["2019-106-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-106-37"]}]},{"name":"The Fellowship of China Postdocteral Science Foundation","award":["2021M692015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021M692015"]}]},{"name":"2020 Li Ka Shing Foundation Cross-Disciplinary Research Grant","award":["2020LKSFG01D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020LKSFG01D"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong science and technology special fund mayor project","award":["20190301-65"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190301-65"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Immunother Cancer"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with cancer on active immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy were recommended to seek prophylaxis from COVID-19 by vaccination. There have been few reports to date to discuss the impact of progression cell death-1 blockers (PD-1B) on immune or vaccine-related outcomes, and what risk factors that contribute to the serological status remains to be elucidated. The study aims to find the impact of PD-1B on vaccination outcome and investigate other potential risk factors associated with the risk of seroconversion failure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with active cancer treatment were retrospectively enrolled to investigate the interaction effects between PD-1B and vaccination. Through propensity score matching of demographic and clinical features, the seroconversion rates and immune\/vaccination-related adverse events (irAE and vrAE) were compared in a head-to-head manner. Then, a nomogram predicting the failure risk was developed with variables significant in multivariate regression analysis and validated in an independent cohort.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients (n=454) receiving either PD-1B or COVID-19 vaccination, or both, were matched into three cohorts (vac+\/PD-1B+, vac+\/PD-1B-, and vac-\/PD-1B+, respectively), with a non-concer control group of 206 participants. 68.1% (94\/138), 71.3% (117\/164), and 80.5% (166\/206) were seropositive in vac+\/PD-1B+cohort, vac+\/PD-1B- cohort, and non-cancer control group, respectively. None of irAE or vrAE was observed to be escalated in PD-1B treatment except for low-grade rash.The vaccinated patients with cancer had a significantly lower rate of seroconversion rates than healthy control. A nomogram was thus built that encompassed age, pathology, and chemotherapy status to predict the seroconversion failure risk, which was validated in an independent cancer cohort of 196 patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although patients with cancer had a generally decreased rate of seroconversion as compared with the healthy population, the COVID-19 vaccine was generally well tolerated, and seroconversion was not affected in patients receiving PD-1B. A nomogram predicting failure risk was developed, including age, chemotherapy status, pathology types, and rheumatic comorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-003712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T11:06:50Z","timestamp":1638184010000},"page":"e003712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Immune checkpoint blocking impact and nomogram prediction of COVID-19 inactivated vaccine seroconversion in patients with cancer: a propensity-score matched analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yifei","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics & Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of 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