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These cells represent a minor population of T lymphocytes with intrinsic abilities to recognize antigens in a major histocompatibility complex-independent manner and functionally straddle the innate and adaptive immunity interface. AML shows high expression of phosphoantigens and UL-16 binding proteins that activate the V\u03b42 and V\u03b41 subtypes of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, respectively, leading to \u03b3\u03b4 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Insights from murine models and clinical data in humans show improved overall survival, leukemia-free survival, reduced risk of relapse, enhanced graft-versus-leukemia effect, and decreased graft-versus-host disease in patients with AML who have higher reconstitution of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical trials leveraging \u03b3\u03b4 T cell biology have used unmodified and modified allogeneic cells as well as bispecific engagers and monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we discuss \u03b3\u03b4 T cells\u2019 biology, roles in cancer and AML, and mechanisms of immune escape and antileukemia effect; we also discuss recent clinical advances related to \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in the field of AML therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-007981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:21:20Z","timestamp":1709079680000},"page":"e007981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Gamma delta T cells in acute myeloid leukemia: biology and emerging therapeutic 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