{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:13:35Z","timestamp":1792174415283,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006469","name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0069\/2025\/AFJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0069\/2025\/AFJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006469","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFA0914900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFA0914900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010877","name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGDX20220530111004031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGDX20220530111004031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32570840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32570840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022657","name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade de Macau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MYRG-GRG-2025-0067-FHS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MYRG-GRG-2025-0067-FHS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022657","name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade de Macau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHMDF-VSEP\/2024\/002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHMDF-VSEP\/2024\/002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Immunother Cancer"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the frequent emergence of treatment resistance significantly limits the clinical efficacy of HCC immunotherapy. The molecular mechanisms underlying therapy resistance remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To delineate the immune impact of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibition, we integrated allograft tumor models with bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. Biochemical assays were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying Nrf2 inhibition in immune resistance. The combined activity of Nrf2 inhibition with anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody and CAR-T cell therapy was also explored in vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We show that brusatol (BRU), a specific inhibitor of Nrf2, an emerging regulator of the tumor immune microenvironment, potentiates antitumor immunity in HCC mouse models. Mechanistically, inhibition of Nrf2 downregulates surface programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression via transcriptional repression in tumor cells, while upregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I expression via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation. Inhibition of Nrf2 in tumor cells enhances the activation of immune-related signaling pathways and promotes CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell infiltration into tumor tissues. Furthermore, inhibition of Nrf2 with BRU significantly enhances the efficacy of PD-1 antibody and CAR-T cells against HCC in vivo, indicating that therapeutic targeting of Nrf2 in HCC cells sensitizes them to ICIs and CAR-T immunotherapies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings offer a novel strategy to enhance HCC immunotherapy by blocking Nrf2, which has the potential to address the low response rates observed with current HCC immunotherapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:33:41Z","timestamp":1774366421000},"page":"e010841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Targeted inhibition of Nrf2 potentiates antitumor immunity and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-6479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University - Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Cancer Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0953-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maoxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokai","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University - Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University - Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueling","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University - Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-0119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiacheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehuda G","family":"Assaraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6349-4517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang Fai","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4875-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University - Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00868-0"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00573-2"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.216038","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"555","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0928-4","article-title":"Role of the tumor microenvironment in PD-L1\/PD-1-mediated tumor immune escape","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101554","article-title":"Predictive Factors for Response to PD-1\/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibition in the Field of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Status and Challenges","volume":"11","author":"Macek Jilkova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22745","article-title":"The effects of NRF2 modulation on the initiation and progression of chemically and genetically induced lung cancer","volume":"57","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-4499"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10189","article-title":"Oncogene-induced Nrf2 transcription promotes ROS detoxification and tumorigenesis","volume":"475","author":"DeNicola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature New Biol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang H , Liu X , Long M , et al . NRF2 activation by antioxidant antidiabetic agents accelerates tumor metastasis. Sci Transl Med 2016;8. doi:10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad6095","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag1805"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.01.013"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030420","article-title":"Dysfunctional KEAP1-NRF2 interaction in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav2588"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1914890"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.80184","article-title":"Battles against aberrant KEAP1-NRF2 signaling in lung cancer: intertwined metabolic and immune networks","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101302","article-title":"Tumor-immune microenvironment and NRF2 associate with clinical efficacy of PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy in lung squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"4","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113295"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4941","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0314-0","article-title":"Targeting the upstream transcriptional activator of PD-L1 as an alternative strategy in melanoma therapy","volume":"37","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12071760","article-title":"MHC Class I Downregulation in Cancer: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Cornel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.636568","article-title":"Cancer Immune Evasion Through Loss of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation","volume":"12","author":"Dhatchinamoorthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Y , Bastian IN , Long MD , et al . Activation of NF-\u03baB and p300\/CBP potentiates cancer chemoimmunotherapy through induction of MHC-I antigen presentation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2021;118. doi:10.1073\/pnas.2025840118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025840118"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.809952","article-title":"Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-\u03baB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1028-7","article-title":"Comprehensive analyses of tumor immunity: implications for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1349-1","article-title":"xCell: digitally portraying the tissue cellular heterogeneity landscape","volume":"18","author":"Aran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0114-2"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014275108"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14612","article-title":"From Rags to Riches","volume":"75","author":"Madhur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.10.043","article-title":"Folate-mediated targeted PLK1 inhibition therapy for ovarian cancer: A comparative study of molecular inhibitors and siRNA therapeutics","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14061436","article-title":"Emerging Canonical and Non-Canonical Roles of Granzyme B in Health and Disease","volume":"14","author":"Tibbs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090404"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11122002","article-title":"JAK-STAT Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword of Immune Regulation and Cancer Progression","volume":"11","author":"Owen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01468-7","article-title":"Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer","volume":"8","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.2741\/1252","article-title":"Expression of Fas ligand is not a main mechanism used by tumors to counteract antitumor immunity","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.07.030"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1330-2","article-title":"The IFN-\u03b3\/PD-L1 axis between T cells and tumor microenvironment: hints for glioma anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 therapy","volume":"15","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.008"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.05.019","article-title":"Luteolin and its derivative apigenin suppress the inducible PD-L1 expression to improve anti-tumor immunity in KRAS-mutant lung cancer","volume":"515","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.6b00651"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030654","article-title":"Immunotherapy and the Combination with Targeted Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Laface","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.39","first-page":"4585","article-title":"T lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma immune microenvironment: insights into human immunology and immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Bian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0812"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429836","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1429836","article-title":"Dual role of Nrf2 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: promoting development, immune evasion, and therapeutic challenges","volume":"15","author":"Gan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jo Y , Shim JA , Jeong JW , et al . Targeting ROS-sensing Nrf2 potentiates anti-tumor immunity of intratumoral CD8+ T and CAR-T cells. Mol Ther 2024. doi:10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.08.019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.08.019"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2021-004458","article-title":"Targeting of Nrf2 improves antitumoral responses by human NK cells, TIL and CAR T cells during oxidative stress","volume":"10","author":"Renken","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2680","article-title":"Novel NRF2-activated cancer treatments utilizing synthetic lethality","volume":"74","author":"Baird","year":"2022","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.149536","article-title":"NRF2 mutation enhances the immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing STING activation","volume":"698","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M115.055509"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22609"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.003"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-019-0309-8","article-title":"Brusatol, an NRF2 inhibitor for future cancer therapeutic","volume":"9","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biosci"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.20861"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03719","article-title":"Network Understanding of Herb Medicine via Rapid Identification of Ingredient-Target Interactions","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2024.01.009","article-title":"Targeting MHC-I inhibitory pathways for cancer immunotherapy","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-0966","article-title":"FASN Inhibition Decreases MHC-I Degradation and Synergizes with PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"84","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82729-9"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15726-7"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.01.005","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitors in HCC: Cellular, molecular and systemic data","volume":"86","author":"Harkus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Q , Han J , Yang Y , et al . PD-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022;13. doi:10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1070961","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1070961"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.004"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-RW2018-030"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18570-x"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03059","article-title":"Dendritic Cells and CD8 T Cell Immunity in Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"9","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.07.031"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1868"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-018-0262-x"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052631","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand?","volume":"25","author":"Aggeletopoulou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo X , Jiang H , Shi B , et al . Disruption of PD-1 Enhanced the Anti-tumor Activity of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2018;9. doi:10.3389\/fphar.2018.01118","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01118"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00167"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.68","first-page":"80","article-title":"Macrophage checkpoint blockade: results from initial clinical trials, binding analyses, and CD47-SIRP\u03b1 structure-function","volume":"3","author":"Jalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antib Ther"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-021-00862-4"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27349-7"},{"key":"2026032408201095000_14.3.e010841.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garfall AL , Stadtmauer EA , Hwang W-T , et al . Anti-CD19 CAR T cells with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation for refractory multiple myeloma. JCI Insight 2018;3. doi:10.1172\/jci.insight.120505","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120505"}],"container-title":["Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jitc-2024-010841","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:33:49Z","timestamp":1774366429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jitc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jitc-2024-010841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jitc-2024-010841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2024-010841","relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-1426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-1426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}