{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:07:45Z","timestamp":1792123665383,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021058","name":"Project Data Sphere","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Immunother Cancer"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ophthalmic immune-related adverse events (Eye-irAEs) from immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause visual morbidity. The absence of standardized definitions for Eye-irAEs not only impedes the development of evidence-based treatments but also progress in translational research. The objective of this study was to develop consensus guidance for an approach to Eye-irAEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Four ophthalmic physicians (uveitis specialists and neuro-ophthalmologists) drafted Eye-irAE consensus guidance and definitions, which were reviewed by the multidisciplinary Eye-irAE definition panel. The panel was divided into Group A (Neuro-ophthalmology\/Orbital Disease) and Group B (Uveitis\/Ocular Surface Disease). A modified Delphi consensus process was used, with two rounds of anonymous ratings by panelists and two meetings to discuss areas of controversy. For each disorder, five diagnostic components were evaluated: symptoms, examination findings, laboratory studies\/imaging findings, diagnostic criteria, and treatment. Panelists rated content for usability, appropriateness and accuracy on 9-point scales in electronic surveys and provided free-text comments. Aggregated survey responses were incorporated into revised definitions. Consensus was based on numeric ratings using the RAND Corporation\/ University of California Los Angeles Health Services Utilization Study (RAND\/UCLA) Appropriateness Method with prespecified definitions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>29 panelists from 25 academic medical centers voted on 114 rating scales (66 neuro-ophthalmic\/orbital disease components, 48 uveitis\/ocular surface disease components); of these, 86.3% (57\/66) in Group A and 89.6% (43\/48) in Group B reached first-round consensus. After revisions, all items except 6.1% (4\/66) in Group A and 1.6% (1\/60) in Group B received second-round consensus. Consensus definitions were achieved for 10\/11 neuro-ophthalmic\/orbital disorders: optic neuritis, inflammatory optic disc edema, arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, optic perineuritis, orbital inflammation, thyroid eye disease-like orbital inflammation, cavernous sinus syndrome, oculomotor mononeuritis, trochlear mononeuritis, and abducens mononeuritis. Consensus definitions were achieved for 9\/10 uveitis\/ocular surface disorders: anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, panuveitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like syndrome, sarcoidosis-like syndrome, acute macular neuroretinopathy, dry eye disease, and scleritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>These disease definitions establish a standardized classification for Eye-irAE, highlighting differences between irAEs and other inflammatory disorders. Importantly, diagnostic certainty does not always align directly with the need to treat as an Eye-irAE. Given the consensus from this representative panel group, it is anticipated the definitions will be used broadly across clinical and research settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-011049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T21:00:19Z","timestamp":1744146019000},"page":"e011049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Consensus disease definitions for ophthalmic immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eileen L","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 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