{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:49:12Z","timestamp":1781912952104,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Research Projects for Young and Middle-aged Talent of Fujian Provincial Health Commission","award":["2022ZQNZD014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZQNZD014"]}]},{"name":"Fuzhou Science and technology planning project","award":["2023-S-wt1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-S-wt1"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Fujian Province","award":["2022Y2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Y2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82573538\uff0c82572108 and 82202982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82573538\uff0c82572108 and 82202982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fujian Province Joint Funding Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation","award":["2024Y9420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Y9420"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Immunother Cancer"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tumor neoantigen vaccines typically require multiple prime-boost immunizations over several weeks or even months to elicit sufficient neoantigen-specific T-cell responses, which greatly limits their effectiveness against rapidly progressing cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we developed a functionalized alginate scaffold for T-cell activation as an artificial lymph node (FAST-LN) to rapidly and efficiently generate tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in vivo. The FAST-LN consists of an alginate scaffold crosslinked with calcium ions and hyaluronic acids conjugated with anti-TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3) antibodies, then incorporates tumor neoantigen-encoding adenoviral vaccines, dendritic cells (DCs), and various cytokines (C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)) that maintain DC maturation and recruit T cells for antigen presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This design facilitates efficient DC-T cell interactions within FAST-LN, enabling rapid generation of neoantigen-specific T cells for antitumor responses. In vivo antitumor studies demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy of FAST-LN over traditional vaccines in mouse tumor models. Mechanistically, FAST-LN significantly enhanced tumor infiltration of CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells, Th1 cells and macrophages, orchestrating robust antitumor responses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results demonstrate that implantable FAST-LN rapidly induces tumor neoantigen-specific T cells in vivo, offering a promising strategy for neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2025-013043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:45:14Z","timestamp":1767181514000},"page":"e013043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Implantable artificial lymph node enables rapid in vivo neoantigen-specific T-cell generation and expansion for improving antitumor immunity"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0912-8372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"},{"name":"The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kongying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China"},{"name":"The Liver Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 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