{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:51:22Z","timestamp":1782399082562,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA008748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA008748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Marilyn and Michael Glosserman Foundation for Melanoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma Research","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Immunother Cancer"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment strategies for patients with advanced melanoma resistant to adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) remain undefined. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) after TIL has not been previously described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with unresectable melanoma who received ICI therapy both before and after TIL treatment were retrospectively identified at 14 international centers. Safety was evaluated among all patients that received one dose of ICI therapy after TIL. Objective response rates (ORR) were determined based on investigator-assessed Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1 responses based on radiology reports. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and melanoma-specific survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 133 patients assessed for response to ICI therapy after progression on TIL therapy, the ORR was 11% (n=14; 95% CI 5.9% to 17%), including 3 complete responses (2.3%) and 11 partial responses (8.3%). Among patients treated with a programmed death-1 inhibitor prior to TIL (n=121), the ORR was 8.3% (95% CI 4.0% to 15%). At a median follow-up among survivors of 21 months, median OS from post-TIL ICI was 8.8 months (95%\u2009CI 6.5 to 12 months). Among 14 patients with response to post-TIL ICI, 13 received an ICI they had not previously received. In the safety cohort (n=138), post-TIL ICI therapy-related toxicity occurred in 31 patients(22%), among which 7 patients (5.1%) experienced recurrence of an adverse event experienced with prior ICI treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Efficacy with ICI after TIL was limited, with no evidence of synergistic toxicity. As TIL therapy becomes more widely available, these data highlight the need for novel therapies in this setting and support the inclusion of this population in future clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2026-015360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:25:24Z","timestamp":1782397524000},"page":"e015360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in unresectable melanoma"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06060613","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06743126","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3126-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James William","family":"Smithy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6422-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Betof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1364-0763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Klobuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4402-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Troels Holz","family":"Borch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah L","family":"Kalvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitzan","family":"Hasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirly","family":"Grynberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6876-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodabe","family":"Amaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane A","family":"Czapla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan D","family":"Schollenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J S","family":"Furness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal, Skin and Cell Therapy, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7575-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica C","family":"Hassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NCT, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Wermke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Heidelberg, TUD Dresden University of Technology Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidsel","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-6037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inge Marie","family":"Svane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herlev Hospital National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ocejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Buchbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas B","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, 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Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5344-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan J","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4932-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harriet M","family":"Kluger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine S","family":"Panageas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, New York, 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