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Primary endpoints were pathological complete response (pCR). Secondary endpoints included major pathological response (MPR), disease-free survival (DFS), and safety. Exploratory analyses assessed immune subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and peripheral blood, cytokine profiles, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics, and spatial immune\u2013tumor interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty patients were enrolled (22 squamous, 8 adenocarcinoma); 27 underwent radical resection. The pCR and MPR rates were 33.3% and 50.0%, respectively. At a median follow-up of 27.2 months, the 2-year DFS rate was 77.4%. Grade\u22653 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 13.3%. Achieving pCR was associated with higher baseline levels of CD8+ T cells and na\u00efve-like T cells in both blood and TME. Elevated baseline CD8+ na\u00efve-like T cells in both peripheral blood and tumor nests and their closer proximity to tumor cells correlated with improved DFS. Higher circulating baseline chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) levels were associated with both pCR and prolonged DFS. Postneoadjuvant treatment ctDNA positivity predicted shorter DFS, while longitudinal ctDNA monitoring identified relapse as early as 17.6 months before radiographic progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline CD8+ na\u00efve-like T-cell abundance and spatial proximity to tumor cells, circulating CCL3 levels, and ctDNA dynamics may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in resectable NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT06241807\">NCT06241807<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n        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