{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:14:19Z","timestamp":1761707659282},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A great deal has been written about information that is or should be provided when seeking consent to medical research and treatment. Relatively little attention has been paid to information describing health promotion interventions. This paper critically examines some information material describing three different methods of encouraging early presentation of breast cancer in the UK: the NHS breast screening programme, breast self examination, and breast awareness. Findings from a content analysis of printed material and a series of focus group discussions that included women who speak little or no English were organised around the Department of Health\u2019s recommendations about the information which should be provided when seeking consent to treatment and research. They exposed inconsistencies, ambiguities, and gaps, which when taken together suggest both compliance and non-compliance are being achieved in the absence of informed consent. The findings also provide a starting point for a discussion about how informed consent to health promotion might be sought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2003.003491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T17:13:06Z","timestamp":1081876386000},"page":"227-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["\u201cIf you think you\u2019ve got a lump, they\u2019ll screen you.\u201d Informed consent, health promotion, and breast cancer: Table 1"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Security. Breast cancer screening. Report to the Health Ministers of England, Wales, Scotland & Northern Ireland by a working group chaired by Professor Sir Patrick Forrest. London: HMSO, 1986."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.2","unstructured":"Cancer Research Campaign. Be breast aware. Oxford: NHSBSP, no date."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.3","unstructured":"Health Education Authority. Breast screening: the facts. London: Health Education Authority, 1994."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.4","unstructured":"NHS Cancer Screening Programmes. The NHS breast screening programme. www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk\/breastscreen\/ (accessed 3 April 2003)."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.5","unstructured":"Cancer Research UK. www.cancerresearchuk.org\/ (accessed 3 April 2003)."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00156-4","volume":"58","year":"2004","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.7","unstructured":"Department of Health. Reference Guide to consent for Examination or Treatment, 2001. www.dh.gov.uk\/PublicationsAndStatistics\/Publications\/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance\/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle\/fs\/en (accessed 3 April 2003)."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.8","first-page":"12","volume":"91","year":"1991","journal-title":"Breast Awareness."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6948.168","volume":"309","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.10","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. www.cancer.org (accessed 3 April 2003)."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.11","unstructured":"NHS Cancer Screening Programmes. www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk\/breastscreen\/breastawareness.html (accessed 3 April 2003)."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.12","unstructured":"Department of Health. The NHS Cancer Plan. www.publications.doh.gov.uk\/cancer\/cancerplan.htm (accessed 3 April 2003)."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.13","unstructured":"Wilson JMG, Jugner YG. Principles and practices of screening for adults. Geneva: WHO Public Health Paper, 1968:34."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.14","unstructured":"Macmillan Breast Cancer Campaign. Breast cancer: how to help yourself. London: Macmillan Cancer Relief, 1994."},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7341.827"},{"key":"2024052223030425000_30.2.227.16","unstructured":"NHS Cancer Screening Programmes. Prostate cancer risk management. www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk\/prostate\/ (accessed 3 April 2003)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.2003.003491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T07:06:40Z","timestamp":1716448000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.2003.003491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jme.2003.003491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.2003.003491","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-6800","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-4257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}}}