{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:21:59Z","timestamp":1758759719138,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The issue of genetic inheritance, and particularly the contradictory rights of donors, recipients and donor offspring as to the disclosure of donor identities, is ethically complicated. Donors, donor offspring and parents of donor offspring may appeal to individual rights for confidentiality or disclosure within legal systems based on liberal rights discourse. This paper explores the ethical issues of non-disclosure of genetic inheritance by contrasting two principle models used to articulate the problem\u2014liberal and communitarian ethical models. It argues that whilst the latter provides a more constructive avenue to providing an ethics for donation than the competing and contradictory positions represented in a liberal rights approach, it raises issues of ethical judgement and authority that remain problematic. This ethical discussion is supported by a field study, funded by the Wellcome Trust, exploring the perceptions and experiences of recipients of donor sperm and their partners towards donor anonymity. The field study provides the empirical basis of an argument for making ethical judgements on the grounds of the community good rather than individual rights, that nevertheless recognises that both are inherently problematic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2007.020412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,28]],"date-time":"2008-03-28T20:07:14Z","timestamp":1206734834000},"page":"281-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Thinking ethically about genetic inheritance: liberal rights, communitarianism and the right to privacy for parents of donor insemination children"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Burr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.2.392"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.2","unstructured":"FHEA information for donors http:\/\/212.49.193.187\/cps\/rde\/xchg\/SID-3F57D79B-20110D4D\/hfea\/hs.xsl\/271.html (accessed 21 January 2008)."},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1017\/S0730938400023984","article-title":"Secrecy and openness in donor insemination.","volume":"12","author":"Daniels","year":"1993","journal-title":"Politics Life Sci"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56934-9","article-title":"A prospective study of donor insemination recipients: Secrecy, privacy, and disclosure.","volume":"62","author":"Klock","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.7.1591"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.6","first-page":"27","article-title":"Identifiable semen donors-attitudes of donors and recipient couples.","volume":"105","author":"Purdie","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.7","first-page":"23","article-title":"Children from anonymous donors: an inquiry into homosexual and heterosexual parents\u2019 attitudes.","volume":"14","author":"Brewaeys","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829609025658"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829709080702","article-title":"Disclosure issues and decisions of couples who conceived via donor insemination.","volume":"18","author":"Leiblum","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.3.830"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.6.1120"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079674","article-title":"Disclosure of donor insemination: parental attitudes.","volume":"65","author":"Cook","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.9.2052"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)00251-N"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.16","unstructured":"Looi K . Donor insemination: which families tell? In: Jansen R Mortimer D , eds. Towards reproductive certainty: fertility and genetics beyond 1999. Parthenon: Lancashire, 1999:145\u201356."},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.17","unstructured":"Mason J . Qualitative researching. London: Sage, 2002:145\u2013203."},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.18","unstructured":"Kaplan L Tong R . Controlling our reproductive destiny: a technological and philosophical perspective. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1994:186\u2013213."},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.19","unstructured":"Kemp P . From ethics to bioethics. In: Kearney R Dooley M , eds. Questioning ethics: contemporary debates in philosophy. London: Routledge, 1999:283\u201393."},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rawls J . A theory of justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999:118\u201323.","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674042582"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.21","unstructured":"Etzioni A . The spirit of community. London: Fontana Press, 1993:1\u201388."},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.22","unstructured":"Etzioni A . New communitarian thinking. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1995:1\u201319."},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tam H . Communitarianism: a new agenda for politics and citizenship. London: MacMillan, 1998:219\u201346.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-26489-6_9"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor C . Philosophy and the human sciences: philosophical papers 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985:190.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173490"},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.25","unstructured":"Avineri S de-Shalit A . Introduction. In: Avineri S de-Shalit A , eds. Communitarianism and individualism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992:1\u201311."},{"key":"2025092413421290000_34.4.281.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demaine J . Beyond communitarianism: citizenship, politics and education. London: MacMillan, 1996:6\u201329.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-25207-7_2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.2007.020412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T20:42:19Z","timestamp":1758746539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.2007.020412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,28]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jme.2007.020412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.2007.020412","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0306-6800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1473-4257"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,28]]}}}