{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:09:28Z","timestamp":1766390968251,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Existing arguments against paid organ donation are examined and found to be unconvincing. It is argued that the real reason why organ sale is generally thought to be wrong is that (a) bodily integrity is highly valued and (b) the removal of healthy organs constitutes a violation of this integrity. Both sale and (free) donation involve a violation of bodily integrity. In the case of the latter, though, the disvalue of the violation is typically outweighed by the presence of other goods: chiefly, the extreme altruism involved in the giving. There is usually no such outweighing feature in the case of the former. Given this, the idea that we value bodily integrity can help to account for the perceived moral difference between sale and free donation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.22.6.334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,5]],"date-time":"2008-11-05T19:48:04Z","timestamp":1225914484000},"page":"334-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Bodily integrity and the sale of human organs."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Garrard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Various arguments in favour of permitting organ sale, including some of the ones that we've noted, can be found in: Reddy K. Organ donation for consideration: an Indian point of view","volume-title":"replacement therapy: ethics","author":"Land, W.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Various arguments in favour of permitting organ sale, including some of the ones that we've noted, can be found in: Reddy K. Organ donation for consideration: an Indian point of view. In: Land W, Dossetor J, eds. Organ replacement therapy: ethics, justice, commerce. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991: 173-80."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"The kidney trade: or, the customer is always wrong","volume":"16","author":"Brecher, B.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Brecher B. The kidney trade: or, the customer is always wrong. Journal ofMedical Ethics 1990; 16: 122.","journal-title":"Journal ofMedical Ethics"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"993","article-title":"Principles of health care ethics","author":"Gillon, R.","year":"1994","unstructured":"In: Gillon R, ed. Principles of health care ethics. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1994: 993-1002."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"119","article-title":"Paying organ donors","volume":"16","author":"Harvey, J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Harvey J. Paying organ donors. Jrournal ofMedical Ethics 1990; 16: 119.","journal-title":"Jrournal ofMedical Ethics"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"237","article-title":"Brainstorms: philosophical essays on mind and psychology","author":"Dennett, D.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dennett D. Brainstorms: philosophical essays on mind and psychology. Montgomery, Vermont: Bradford, 1978: 237-8."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"288","article-title":"For a helpful discussion of this (and related) issues see: Chadwick R. The market for bodily parts: Kant and duties to oneself","volume-title":"Applied philosophy: morals and metaphysics in contemporary debate","author":"Almond, B.","year":"1991","unstructured":"For a helpful discussion of this (and related) issues see: Chadwick R. The market for bodily parts: Kant and duties to oneself. In: Almond B, Hill D, eds. Applied philosophy: morals and metaphysics in contemporary debate. London: Routledge, 1991: 288-99."},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Life's dominion","author":"Dworkin, R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dworkin R. Life's dominion. London: Harper Collins, 1993."},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"What infants know","author":"Melhaer, J.; Dupoux, E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Melhaer J, Dupoux E. What infants know. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"173","article-title":"Australasian J7ournal of","volume":"72","year":"1994","unstructured":"Australasian J7ournal of Philosophy, 1994; 72: 173-86.","journal-title":"Philosophy"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.22.6.334","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T21:18:32Z","timestamp":1758748712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.22.6.334"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jme.22.6.334"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.22.6.334","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0306-6800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1473-4257"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}}}