{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T19:10:51Z","timestamp":1716491451637},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This discussion paper is drawn from a qualitative research project comparing the effect of special and ordinary schools on the lives of children, young people and their families. Special schools are recommended by health professionals who seldom know how ineffective these schools are. We question the beneficence and justice of health professionals' advice on education for children with disabilities and other difficulties. Cooperation with local education authorities (LEAs) plays a considerable part in the work of community paediatricians, clinical medical officers, therapists and other health professionals encountering children with \"special needs\". The \"needs\" range from physical disability and sensory impairment to learning difficulties and emotional or behavioural difficulties. This cooperation involves routine administrative problems, but it raises broad ethical issues too, particularly in respect of current tendencies in state schooling towards the integration or inclusion of these children in mainstream schools and classes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.24.1.49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,6]],"date-time":"2008-11-06T00:48:04Z","timestamp":1225932484000},"page":"49-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Doctors, ethics and special education."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Alderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Goodey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Community services for the school age child","author":"L, See Polnay","year":"1996","unstructured":"See Polnay L. Community services for the school age child. In Macfarlane A, ed. Adolescent medicine. London: Royal College of Physicians, 1996: 43-53."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"106","article-title":"Integrated education for children with physical and learning disabilities: report to Gatsby Trust","volume":"1","author":"Alderson, P.; Goodey, C.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Alderson P, Goodey C. Integrated education for children with physical and learning disabilities: report to Gatsby Trust. London: Social Science Research Unit, 1996. Alderson P, Goodey C. Research with disabled children: how useful is a child-centred ethics? Children and Society 1996;1O:106-16.","journal-title":"Children and Society; Research with disabled children: how useful is a child-centred ethics"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Education Act 1981","unstructured":"Education Act 1981. London: HMSO, 60\/1\/2\/2."},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"A trend towards inclusion: statistics on special school placements and pupils with statenents in ordinary schools","author":"Norwich, B.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Norwich B. A trend towards inclusion: statistics on special school placements and pupils with statenents in ordinary schools. Bristol: Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education, 1997."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"These cases (Spendiff v North Tyneside Council and Crane v Lancashire County Council) were discussed ahead of the decision in Barriers to Justice","year":"1996","unstructured":"These cases (Spendiff v North Tyneside Council and Crane v Lancashire County Council) were discussed ahead of the decision in Barriers to Justice. Newsletter of the Independent Panelfor Special Education Advice 1996 Sept 1-2.","journal-title":"Newsletter of the Independent Panelfor Special Education Advice"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"The Association of Educational Psychologists of the UK adopted a policy on inclusion at its October 1996 conference which elides \"effectiveness\" with \"the inclusion of all children in ordinary schools [as] a basic human right\", and refers to the \"Salamanca statement\" issued by the 1994 UNESCO World Conference on Special Education, which held that inclusion was a human right","unstructured":"The Association of Educational Psychologists of the UK adopted a policy on inclusion at its October 1996 conference which elides \"effectiveness\" with \"the inclusion of all children in ordinary schools [as] a basic human right\", and refers to the \"Salamanca statement\" issued by the 1994 UNESCO World Conference on Special Education, which held that inclusion was a human right."},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"For a meta-review and substantial bibliography see Booth T. Changing views of research on integration","volume-title":"Psychology in practice with young people, families and schools","author":"Sigston, A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"For a meta-review and substantial bibliography see Booth T. Changing views of research on integration. In: Sigston A, et al, eds. Psychology in practice with young people, families and schools. London: Fulton, 1996."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"2","article-title":"Bulletin of the National Center on Educational Restructuring and Inclusion","volume":"2","author":"on Inclusion, National Study","year":"1996","unstructured":"National Study on Inclusion. Bulletin of the National Center on Educational Restructuring and Inclusion. New York: City University of New York, 1996;2:2-4."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Children's consent to surgery","volume-title":"The author distinguishes between the child's status as a patient and as a pupil","author":"Alderson, P.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Alderson P. Children's consent to surgery. London: Open University Press, 1993. The author distinguishes between the child's status as a patient and as a pupil."},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Living in the real world: families speak about Down's syndrome","author":"Goodey, C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goodey C. Living in the real world: families speak about Down's syndrome. London: Twenty-One Press, 1991."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.24.1.49","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T18:47:17Z","timestamp":1716490037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.24.1.49"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jme.24.1.49"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.24.1.49","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-6800","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-4257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]}}}