{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:35:33Z","timestamp":1759512933075,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article challenges the view of disability presented by Harris in his article, \u201cIs gene therapy a form of eugenics?\u201d<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> It is argued that his definition of disability rests on an individual model of disability, where disability is regarded as a product of biological determinism or \u201cpersonal tragedy\u201d in the individual. Within disability theory this view is often called \u201cthe medical model\u201d and it has been criticised for not being able to deal with the term \u201cdisability\u201d, but only with impairment. The individual model of disability presupposes a necessary causal link between a certain condition in the individual and disablement. The shortcomings of such a view of disability are stated and it is argued that in order to have an adequate ethical discourse on gene therapy perspectives from disability research need to be taken into consideration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.26.2.89","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:37:59Z","timestamp":1027751879000},"page":"89-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Disability, gene therapy and eugenics - a challenge to John Harris"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Solveig Magnus","family":"Reindal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8519.1993.tb00283.x","volume":"7","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bioethics"},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.2","unstructured":"See reference 1:184."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.3","unstructured":"See reference 1:182."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.4","unstructured":"The term \u00e2\u0080\u009cgenetically weak\u00e2\u0080\u009d is not Harris's own term. Harris uses this term to echo the words of Ruth Chadwick. He takes genetically weak to refer to \u00e2\u0080\u009cthose possessing a debilitating genetic condition or those who will inevitably pass on such a condition\u00e2\u0080\u009d. See reference 1:183."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.5","unstructured":"See reference 1:183."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.6","unstructured":"Harris believes that gene therapy is in principle ethically sound except for its possible connection with eugenics. He argues that the nub of the problem turns on how we are to understand the objective of producing \u00e2\u0080\u009cfine children\u00e2\u0080\u009d. See reference 1:178."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.7","unstructured":"See reference 1:179."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heyd D. Genethics: moral issues in the creation of people. London:University of California Press, 1992.","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520313484"},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.9","unstructured":"See reference 8:36."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.10","unstructured":"See reference 1:180."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.11","unstructured":"See reference 1:181."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.12","unstructured":"Barnes C, Mercer G. Exploring the divide: illness and disability. Leeds: The Disability Press, 1996:1."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.13","first-page":"26","volume":"108","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prosjektrapport"},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.14","unstructured":"Oliver M. Defining impairment and disability: issues at stake. See reference 12: 39-55."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.15","unstructured":"Crow L. Including all of our lives: renewing the social model of disability. See reference 12: 55-74."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.16","unstructured":"Finkelstein V, French S. Towards a psychology of disability. In: Swain J, Finkelstein V, French S, Oliver M, eds. Disabling barriers: enabling environments. London: Open University Press\/SAGE, 1993:26-34."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.17","unstructured":"See reference 15:57."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"See Barton L. Sociology and disability: some emerging issues. In Barton L, ed. Disability & society: emerging issues and insights. London: Longman,1996:3-18.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315841984-2"},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.19","unstructured":"Cornes P. Impairment, disability, handicap and new technology. In Oliver M, ed. Social work: disabled people and disabling environments. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 1991: 98-115."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265052500003447","volume":"13","year":"1996","journal-title":"Social Philosophy & Policy"},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.21","unstructured":"Bury M. Defining and researching disability: challenges and responses. See reference 12:17-39."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.22","unstructured":"Zarb G. The dual experience of aging with a disability. See reference 16: 186-197."},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599627598"},{"key":"2025092415155373000_26.2.89.24","unstructured":"Broberg G, Roll-Hansen N, eds. Eugenics and the welfare state: sterilization policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland. East Lansing\/Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1996."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.26.2.89","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T22:16:03Z","timestamp":1758752163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.26.2.89"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jme.26.2.89"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.26.2.89","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0306-6800"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1473-4257"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4]]}}}