{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:24:07Z","timestamp":1789392247530,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With advances in genetic technology, there are increasing concerns about the way in which genetic information may be abused, particularly in people at increased genetic risk of developing certain disorders. In a recent case in Hong Kong, the court ruled that it was unlawful for the civil service to discriminate in employment, for the sake of public safety, against people with a family history of mental illness. The plaintiffs showed no signs of any mental health problems and no genetic testing was performed. This was the first case concerning genetic discrimination in common law jurisdictions, therefore the court's judgment has implications for how genetic discrimination cases may be considered in the future. The court considered it inappropriate to apply population statistics or lifetime risks to individuals while examining fitness for work. It recommended an individualised assessment of specific risks within the job, relative to other risks posed by that workplace.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.27.6.393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:32:19Z","timestamp":1027765939000},"page":"393-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Genetic discrimination and mental illness: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Josephine G","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Lieh-Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/23.4.547","volume":"23","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7134.852","volume":"316","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.3","first-page":"476","volume":"50","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5287.621"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.5","first-page":"1632","volume":"317","year":"1998","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-720X.1998.tb01419.x"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.7","unstructured":"Council for Responsible Genetics http:\/\/www.gene-watch.org"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7233.468"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.9","unstructured":"McGuffin P, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, et al. Seminars in psychiatric genetics. London: Gaskell, 1994: 87\u20139."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.10","unstructured":"See reference 9: 89-92."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.11","unstructured":"Nurnberger JI, Berrettini W. Psychiatric genetics. London: Chapman & Hall Medical, 1998."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.12","unstructured":"See reference 9: 100-4."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.13","unstructured":"K & Others v Secretary for Justice, (unreported) [2000] DCE03, 4, 7\/99. http:\/\/www.butterworths-hk.com."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.14","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.justice.gov.hk\/Home.htm, Cap 487."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.15","unstructured":"See reference 13: 12."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.16","unstructured":"See reference 13: 34-5."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.17","unstructured":"Gottesman II. Schizophrenia genesis: the origins of madness. New York, NY: W H Freeman & Company, 1991."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.18","unstructured":"See reference 13: 13-14."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.9.1729"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.20","unstructured":"Haefner H, Boeker W. Crimes of violence by mentally abnormal offenders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.5.393"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.1.9"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700027458"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.24","unstructured":"See reference 13: 19."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.25","first-page":"37","volume":"319","year":"1999","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/15.1.131","volume":"15","year":"1989","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033394","volume":"25","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.1.4"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.29","unstructured":"See reference 22: 14."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.6.477"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679709073848"},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.32","unstructured":"Pearson V. Mental health care in China. State policies, professional services and family responsibilities. London: Gaskell, 1995: 94."},{"key":"2024052910233561000_27.6.393.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08008-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.27.6.393","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T17:23:59Z","timestamp":1717003439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jme.27.6.393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jme.27.6.393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jme.27.6.393","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-6800","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-4257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}}}