{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:10:43Z","timestamp":1759691443353,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many prostate cancer (PC) risk assessment models have been developed, however almost none include familial history.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To produce a risk assessment model for PC based on familial background of related cancers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>976\u2008859 independent index men aged \u226530 in year 1998 and their family members in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database (FCD2010) were randomly divided into development (60%) and validation (40%) datasets (follow-up=10\u2005years). The HR from Cox model was used to extrapolate risk scores.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Specified scores were: for PC in situ at age &lt;60\u2005years in index man, 5; for PC at age &lt;60\u2005years in each first-degree relative (FDR), 15; for PC at age \u226560\u2005years in each FDR, 10; for PC at age &lt;60\u2005years in each second-degree relative, 5; for breast cancer in each FDR, 2; for oesophageal carcinoma in situ in index man, 2; and for oesophagus cancer in each FDR, 2. Based on the findings, if the milestone age for a PC screening programme was 60\u2005years or more, the recommended starting age for the men with the score-group 6\u201310 would be 54\u2005years; score-group 11\u201315, 52\u2005years; score-group 16\u201320, 50\u2005years; score-group 21\u201325, 44\u2005years; and for the score-group 26+ it should start before age 40. The concordance index in development and validation sets was 0.885 (95% CI 0.883 to 0.888). No significant difference was found between curves from development and validation datasets (internally validated using twofold validation and bootstrapping).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Familial history of relevant malignancies can be used as risk factors to estimate a man's prior risk of developing PC. The prostate cancer risk assessment model could satisfactorily assess risk of developing prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2011-100290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,11]],"date-time":"2012-05-11T05:29:43Z","timestamp":1336714183000},"page":"345-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prostate cancer risk assessment model: a scoring model based on the Swedish Family-Cancer 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