{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T16:59:38Z","timestamp":1774025978972,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tau-tubulin kinase 1 (\n                      <jats:italic>TTBK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is a neuron-enriched kinase implicated in \u03c4 phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. Human phenotypes associated with constitutional\n                      <jats:italic>TTBK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants remain undefined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two siblings with a severe neurodevelopmental phenotype were assessed using quartet exome sequencing, segregation analysis and standardised clinical and neuroimaging evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both children exhibited profound global developmental delay, non-ambulation, axial hypotonia with lower-limb spasticity and proportionate postnatal growth failure with microcephaly. Epilepsy was present in the older sibling. Brain MRI showed a thin brainstem and corpus callosum, periventricular T2 hyperintensities and mild cerebellar atrophy in the older sibling and external hydrocephalus in the younger. Exome sequencing identified a homozygous frameshift variant in\n                      <jats:italic>TTBK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (NM_032538.3:c.1899del; p.Thr634Argfs*39) that segregated with the disease. The variant was absent from population databases and predicted to cause loss-of-function. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria, it fulfils PVS1 and PM2_P.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report the two siblings with a neurodevelopmental disorder due to a biallelic\n                      <jats:italic>TTBK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      loss-of-function variant, establishing\n                      <jats:italic>TTBK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      as critical for human neurodevelopment. Together with preclinical data, these findings underscore its role in motor and cognitive circuits. Additional cases and functional studies will be essential to delineate the clinical spectrum and mechanistic basis of\n                      <jats:italic>TTBK1<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg-2025-111208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T18:20:32Z","timestamp":1768587632000},"page":"244-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biallelic\n                    <i>TTBK1<\/i>\n                    variant causes a severe syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder: clinical and genetic insights from two siblings"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9505-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehra","family":"Manav Yigit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Ayd\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salih Burak","family":"Erarslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Ayd\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayse","family":"Tosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ay\u015fe Tosun\u2019s Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Aydin, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6kay","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Aydin Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Ayd\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6574-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilmi","family":"Bolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Bal\u0131kesir University Faculty of Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gul","family":"Unsel Bolat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bal\u0131kesir University Faculty of Medicine, Bal\u0131kesir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032009001256000_63.4.244.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1107\/S2053230X14000144","article-title":"The structure of human tau-tubulin kinase 1 both in the apo form and in complex with an 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