{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T02:16:49Z","timestamp":1778465809470,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A five-year-old boy with M\u00f6bius syndrome, Poland's anomaly, and dextrocardia is described. These malformations have not been previously reported. The propositus had ipsilateral absence of the sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle associated with acromicria, syndactyly, brachydactyly of the index, middle, ring, and fifth finger, as well as radiological evidence of hypoplasia of the index middle and ring fingers, associated with syndactylia and absent middle phalanges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.10.2.192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T14:50:51Z","timestamp":1226328651000},"page":"192-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["M\u00f6bius Syndrome with Poland's Anomaly"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gerald I.","family":"Sugarman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert H.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1973,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","volume":"2","author":"Hamerton, J.L.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hamerton, J. L. (1971). Human Cytogenetics: Clinical Cytogenetics, Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York.","journal-title":"Human Cytogenetics: Clinical Cytogenetics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-32-5-611","article-title":"Endocrine and metabolic studies in children with male pseudohermaphroditism. 3'ournal of","volume":"32","author":"Saez, J.M.; Fr6d6rich, A.; Bertrand, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Saez, J. M., Fr6d6rich, A., and Bertrand, J. (1971). Endocrine and metabolic studies in children with male pseudohermaphroditism. 3'ournal of Clinical Endocrinology, 32, 611-618.","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Translocation mongolism with virilizing adrenal hyperplasia","author":"Srivuthana, S.; Collipp, P.; Sherman, J.; Zaino, E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Srivuthana, S., Collipp, P., Sherman, J., and Zaino, E. (1971). Translocation mongolism with virilizing adrenal hyperplasia."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/55.2.232","volume":"55","unstructured":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 55, 232-236.","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio232031a0","article-title":"New technique for distinguishing between human chromosomes","volume":"232","author":"Sumner, A.; Evans, H.; Buckland, R.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Sumner, A., Evans, H., and Buckland, R. (1971). New technique for distinguishing between human chromosomes. Nature New Biology, 232, 31-32.","journal-title":"Nature New Biology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.4.4.258","article-title":"A sex chromatin survey of newborn children in two London hospitals","volume":"4","author":"Taylor, A.; Moores, E.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Taylor, A., and Moores, E. (1967). A sex chromatin survey of newborn children in two London hospitals. Journal of Medical Genetics, 4, 258-259.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"The first report of congenital bilateral facial paralysis was made by von Graefe in 1880. In 1888, Mobius emphasized the nuclear agenesis of the cranial nerves. Some of the most comprehensive reviews of this rare disorder were made by Henderson","volume-title":"1939, Danis in 1945, Gorlin and Pindborg in 1964 as well as others","year":"1955","unstructured":"The first report of congenital bilateral facial paralysis was made by von Graefe in 1880. In 1888, Mobius emphasized the nuclear agenesis of the cranial nerves. Some of the most comprehensive reviews of this rare disorder were made by Henderson in 1939, Danis in 1945, Gorlin and Pindborg in 1964 as well as others (Hellstr6m, 1949; Richards, 1953; Evans, 1955)."},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Alfred Poland in 1841, dissected the body of a criminal with unilateral symbrachydactyly associated with ipsilateral (same side) aplasia of the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle. In 1900, Furst provided a detailed analysis of the type of hand malformation, the associated muscle defects and insight into the aetiology","unstructured":"Alfred Poland in 1841, dissected the body of a criminal with unilateral symbrachydactyly associated with ipsilateral (same side) aplasia of the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle. In 1900, Furst provided a detailed analysis of the type of hand malformation, the associated muscle defects and insight into the aetiology."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Case Report This 5-year-old boy was first seen at the Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, California in May 1971, because of multiple congenital abnormalities involving the eye, facial muscles, jaw, teeth, palate, sternum, chest, and hand. The mother's pregnancy was apparently normal. She gained approximately 15-9 kg in weight from an initial weight of 66&7 kg. The father and mother were unrelated, and were both 30 years of age at the time of the patient's birth. The birthweight was 4 0 kg. The baby breathed and cried spontaneously. No diagnosis of any syndrome was made. He had two operations on his eye muscles for stabismus, at age 1 and 3 years. There was no family history of neurological or somatic disorders","unstructured":"Case Report This 5-year-old boy was first seen at the Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, California in May 1971, because of multiple congenital abnormalities involving the eye, facial muscles, jaw, teeth, palate, sternum, chest, and hand. The mother's pregnancy was apparently normal. She gained approximately 15-9 kg in weight from an initial weight of 66&7 kg. The father and mother were unrelated, and were both 30 years of age at the time of the patient's birth. The birthweight was 4 0 kg. The baby breathed and cried spontaneously. No diagnosis of any syndrome was made. He had two operations on his eye muscles for stabismus, at age 1 and 3 years. There was no family history of neurological or somatic disorders."},{"key":"ref_10","author":"Study, Radiographic","year":"1972","unstructured":"Radiographic Study (2 October 1972)"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Discussion Our patient had typical features of Mobius syndrome (Table I) as well as Poland's anomaly (Table II), an unusual association and heretofore unreported. In addition, dextrocardia has not been previously reported in either Mobius syndrome or Poland's anomaly. Mobius syndrome has been reported with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, Klippel-Feil syndrome","volume-title":"and fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy","author":"(Hanson and Rowland,","year":"1955","unstructured":"Discussion Our patient had typical features of Mobius syndrome (Table I) as well as Poland's anomaly (Table II), an unusual association and heretofore unreported. In addition, dextrocardia has not been previously reported in either Mobius syndrome or Poland's anomaly. Mobius syndrome has been reported with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, Klippel-Feil syndrome (Evans, 1955) and fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (Hanson and Rowland, 1971)."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000300270","article-title":"Les paralysies oculo-faciales congenitales","volume":"110","author":"Danis, P.","year":"1945","unstructured":"Danis, P. (1945). Les paralysies oculo-faciales congenitales. Ophthalmologica, 110, 113.","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)66593-9","article-title":"Developmental chest wall defects","volume":"2","author":"Ehrenhaft, J.L.; Rossi, N.P.; Lawrence, M.S.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Ehrenhaft, J. L., Rossi, N. P., and Lawrence, M. S. (1966). Developmental chest wall defects. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 2, 384-398.","journal-title":"Annals of Thoracic Surgery"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.30.151.237","article-title":"Nuclear agenesis. Mobius' syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Evans, P.R.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Evans, P. R. (1955). Nuclear agenesis. Mobius' syndrome. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 30, 237-243.","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"5676","article-title":"Ein Fall von verkurzten und zweigliedrigen Fingern, begleitet von Brustmuskeldefecten und anderen","volume":"2","author":"Furst, C.M.","year":"1900","unstructured":"Furst, C. M. (1900). Ein Fall von verkurzten und zweigliedrigen Fingern, begleitet von Brustmuskeldefecten und anderen Missbildungen. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie, 2, 5676."},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Syndromes of the Head and Neck","author":"Gorlin, R.J.; Pindborg, J.J.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Gorlin, R. J. and Pindborg, J. J. (1964). Syndromes of the Head and Neck. McGraw-Hill, New York."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref_17","volume":"6","author":"Graefe, A. von (1880). In Handbuch dergesammten Augenheilkundeby A. von Graefe","unstructured":"Graefe, A. von (1880). In Handbuch dergesammten Augenheilkunde, ed. by A. von Graefe and T. Saemisch, 6, ch. 11. W. Englemann, Leipzig.","journal-title":"Saemisch"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1971.00480310059005","article-title":"Mobius syndrome and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy","volume":"24","author":"Hanson, P.A.; Rowland, L.P.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hanson, P. A. and Rowland, L. P. (1971). Mobius syndrome and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Archives of Neurology, 24, 31-39.","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1949.tb16601.x","article-title":"Congenital facial diplegia","volume":"37","author":"Hellstrom, B.","year":"1949","unstructured":"Hellstrom, B. (1949). Congenital facial diplegia. Acta Paediatrica, 37, 464-473.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/62.4.381","article-title":"The congenital facial diplegia syndrome","volume":"62","author":"Henderson, J.L.","year":"1939","unstructured":"Henderson, J. L. (1939). The congenital facial diplegia syndrome. Brain, 62, 381-403.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"283","article-title":"Mobius syndrome, ectrodactyly, hypoplasia of tongue and pectoral muscles","volume-title":"The Third Conference on Clinical Delineation of Birth Defects, pt","volume":"11","author":"Jorgenson, R.J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Jorgenson, R. J. (1971). Mobius syndrome, ectrodactyly, hypoplasia of tongue and pectoral muscles. In The Third Conference on Clinical Delineation of Birth Defects, pt. 11, pp. 283-284. The National Foundation-March of Dimes, New York."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/000992287201100217","article-title":"Poland's syndrome. Report of seven cases and review of literature","volume":"11","author":"Mace, J.W.; Kaplan, J.M.; Schanberger, J.E.; Gotlin, R.W.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Mace, J. W., Kaplan, J. M., Schanberger, J. E., and Gotlin, R. W. (1972). Poland's syndrome. Report of seven cases and review of literature. Clinical Pediatrics, 11, 98-102.","journal-title":"Clinical Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"OYber angeborenene doppelsetige Abducens-","author":"Mobius, P.J.","year":"1888","unstructured":"Mobius, P. J. (1888). OYber angeborenene doppelsetige Abducens-"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"191","article-title":"Deficiency of the pectorial muscles","volume":"6","author":"Poland, A.","year":"1841","unstructured":"Poland, A. (1841). Deficiency of the pectorial muscles. Guy's Hospital Reports, 6, 191-193.","journal-title":"Guy's Hospital Reports"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195335020-00017","article-title":"The Mobius syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Richards, R.N.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Richards, R. N. (1953). The Mobius syndrome. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 35A, 637-644.","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"559","article-title":"Surgical treatment of congenital chest wall defects associated with congenital deformity of hand","volume":"20","author":"Takeda, M.; Suda, Y.; Komatsu, S.; Wada, J.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Takeda, M., Suda, Y., Komatsu, S., and Wada, J. (1967). Surgical treatment of congenital chest wall defects associated with congenital deformity of hand. japanese journal of Thoracic Surgery, 20, 559-562.","journal-title":"japanese journal of Thoracic Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_27","first-page":"125","article-title":"Synopsis of hand malformation with particular emphasis on genetic factors. In Birth Defects: Original Article","volume":"5","author":"Temtamy, S.; McKusick, V.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Temtamy, S. and McKusick, V. (1969). Synopsis of hand malformation with particular emphasis on genetic factors. In Birth Defects: Original Article Series, 5, pt. 3, 125-184. The National Foundation-March of Dimes, New York.","journal-title":"Series; The National Foundation-March of"},{"key":"ref_28","article-title":"The patient was born 2 May 1969 in Osceola, Arkansas. The child weighed 1308 g at birth and 40 weeks'","author":"g","unstructured":"The patient was born 2 May 1969 in Osceola, Arkansas. The child weighed 1308 g at birth and 40 weeks' gestation. To date the patient presented as severely retarded, and weighing 4578 g."},{"key":"ref_29","article-title":"The proposita had microcephaly and oxycephaly, with pro-optosis of the eyes, nystagmus, and lobeless ears (Fig. 1). Marked micrognathia was noted as was a central posterior cleft of the palate (Fig. 2). The dentition revealed severe hypoplasia of enamel in the primary dentition; however primary second molars showed no Received 15","year":"1973","unstructured":"The proposita had microcephaly and oxycephaly, with pro-optosis of the eyes, nystagmus, and lobeless ears (Fig. 1). Marked micrognathia was noted as was a central posterior cleft of the palate (Fig. 2). The dentition revealed severe hypoplasia of enamel in the primary dentition; however primary second molars showed no Received 15 January 1973."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.10.2.192","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T04:38:52Z","timestamp":1759725532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmg.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.10.2.192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1973,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jmg.10.2.192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jmg.10.2.192","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2593","1468-6244"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2593","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-6244","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,6]]}}}