{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:39:01Z","timestamp":1791214741032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sixteen subjects, with sickle-cell anaemia, all Iranians (ages 3 to 56 years), with very mild symptomatology are reported. Some of the subjects had been totally asymptomatic. Splenomegaly was noted in 9 cases. There was an increase in the mean level of fetal haemoglobin (18%); this is the probable explanation for the mild phenotype. In 29 subjects with sickle-cell trait, the level of HbF was also significantly raised as compared with normal (1-6% vs. 0-6%). The mechanism of increased synthesis of HbF is unknown. The findings are similar to those reported in the Shiite Moslems of Saudi Arabia suggesting that in these populations there is a genetically-determined ability to produce high levels of Hb F in the presence of the sickle-cell gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.14.3.168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T14:50:51Z","timestamp":1226328651000},"page":"168-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Mild sickle-cell anaemia in Iran associated with high levels of fetal haemoglobin."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Haghshenass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Ismail-Beigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J B","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Weatherall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1970.tb01645.x","article-title":"Milder variant of sickle-cell disease in Arabs in Kuwait associated with unusually high level of fetal haemoglobin","volume":"19","author":"Ali, S.A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ali, S. A. (1970). Milder variant of sickle-cell disease in Arabs in Kuwait associated with unusually high level of fetal haemoglobin. British Journal ofHaematology, 19, 613-619.","journal-title":"British Journal ofHaematology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105863","article-title":"Irreversibly sickled erythrolytes: a consequence of the heterogeneous distribution of haemoglobin types in sickle-cell anemia","volume":"47","author":"Bertles, J.F.; Milner, P.F.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bertles, J. F., and Milner, P. F. (1968). Irreversibly sickled erythrolytes: a consequence of the heterogeneous distribution of haemoglobin types in sickle-cell anemia. 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In Haematology, Vol. 1, p. 413. Ed. by J. W. William, E. Beutler, A. J. Ersley, and W. Rundles. McGraw-Hill"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"In Practical Haematology","author":"Co., Book; New York. Dacie, J.V.; Lewis, S.M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Book Co., New York. Dacie, J. V., and Lewis, S. M. (1968). In Practical Haematology, 4th ed. Churchill London.","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"The dependence of the haemoglobin (beta plus gamma)\/alpha chain synthetic ratio on the degree of anemia in beta-thalassemia","author":"Ismail-Beigi, F.; Haghshenass, M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ismail-Beigi, F., and Haghshenass, M. (1975). The dependence of the haemoglobin (beta plus gamma)\/alpha chain synthetic ratio on the degree of anemia in beta-thalassemia."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"459","article-title":"the Society for","volume":"148","author":"Proceedings of","unstructured":"Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 148, 459-462.","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01481043","article-title":"Demonstration von Fetalem haemoglobin in der Erythrocyten eines Blutausstrichs","volume":"35","author":"Kleihauer, E.F.; Braun, H.; Betke, K.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Kleihauer, E. F., Braun, H., and Betke, K. (1957). Demonstration von Fetalem haemoglobin in der Erythrocyten eines Blutausstrichs. Klinische Wochenschrift, 35 (2), 637-638.","journal-title":"Klinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Benign sickle-cell anaemia","volume":"2","author":"Perrine, R.P.; Brown, M.J.; Clegg, J.B.; Weatherall, D.J.; May, A.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Perrine, R. P., Brown, M. J., Clegg, J. B., Weatherall, D. J., and May, A. (1972). Benign sickle-cell anaemia. Lancet, 2, 1163-1167.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5610.86","article-title":"Relatively benign sickle-cell anaemia in 60 patients aged over 30 in the West Indies","volume":"3","author":"Serjeant, G.R.; Richards, R.; Barbor, P.R.H.; Milner, P.F.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Serjeant, G. R., Richards, R., Barbor, P. R. H., and Milner, P. F. (1968). Relatively benign sickle-cell anaemia in 60 patients aged over 30 in the West Indies. British Medical Journal, 3, 86-91.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"413","article-title":"Studies on abnormal haemoglobins. I. Their demonstration in sicklecell anaemia and other haematologic disorders by means of alkali denaturation","volume":"6","author":"Singer, K.; Chernoff, A.I.; Singer, L.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Singer, K., Chernoff, A. I., and Singer, L. (1951). Studies on abnormal haemoglobins. I. Their demonstration in sicklecell anaemia and other haematologic disorders by means of alkali denaturation. 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