{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:59:48Z","timestamp":1791583188908,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The frequency of cancer, neurologic degeneration and mortality in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients with defective DNA repair was determined in a four\u2005decade natural history study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All 106 XP patients admitted to the National Institutes of Health from 1971 to 2009 were evaluated from clinical records and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the 65 per cent (n=69) of patients with skin cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was increased 10\u2008000-fold and melanoma was increased 2000-fold in patients under age 20. The 9\u2005year median age at diagnosis of first non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (n=64) was significantly younger than the 22\u2005year median age at diagnosis of first melanoma (n=38)\u2014a relative age reversal from the general population suggesting different mechanisms of carcinogenesis between NMSC and melanoma. XP patients with pronounced burning on minimal sun exposure (n=65) were less likely to develop skin cancer than those who did not. This may be related to the extreme sun protection they receive from an earlier age, decreasing their total ultraviolet exposure. Progressive neurologic degeneration was present in 24% (n=25) with 16\/25 in complementation group XP-D. The most common causes of death were skin cancer (34%, n=10), neurologic degeneration (31%, n=9), and internal cancer (17%, n=5). The median age at death (29\u2005years) in XP patients with neurodegeneration was significantly younger than those XP patients without neurodegeneration (37\u2005years) (p=0.02).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This 39\u2005year follow-up study of XP patients indicates a major role of DNA repair genes in the aetiology of skin cancer and neurologic degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2010.083022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,19]],"date-time":"2010-11-19T23:55:27Z","timestamp":1290210927000},"page":"168-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":438,"title":["Cancer and neurologic degeneration in xeroderma pigmentosum: long term follow-up characterises the role of DNA repair"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Porcia T","family":"Bradford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisa M","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sikandar G","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Seon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Imoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Inui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Ichi","family":"Moriwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Emmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen M","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arati","family":"Raziuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri M","family":"Plona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J","family":"DiGiovanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth H","family":"Kraemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101710015614000_48.3.168.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.06.030"},{"key":"2025101710015614000_48.3.168.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.3.1335"},{"key":"2025101710015614000_48.3.168.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/5.4.511"},{"key":"2025101710015614000_48.3.168.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660260111026"},{"key":"2025101710015614000_48.3.168.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1994.01690080084012"},{"key":"2025101710015614000_48.3.168.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-80-2-221","article-title":"Xeroderma pigmentosum. 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