{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:56:45Z","timestamp":1791856605527,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chromosome and enzyme markers have been studied in 21 benign ovarian teratomas from 14 patients. Markers heterozygous in the patient were completely homozygous in 52% of the teratomas and completely heterozygous in 19%. The remainder showed a mixture of the two, 10% having homozygous centromeres with some heterozygous enzyme markers and 19% having heterozygous centromeres and some homozygous enzyme markers. These results suggest that benign ovarian teratomas in the present series arise from germ cells in a number of different ways. Those with heterozygous centromeres probably arise by failure of meiosis I. Some tumours with homozygous centromeres must arise by failure of meiosis II, but because of the low level of heterozygous enzyme markers in this group a substantial number are thought to arise by duplication of a mature ovum to give an entirely homozygous genotype, genetically the female equivalent of the complete hydatidiform mole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.21.1.4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T15:09:16Z","timestamp":1226329756000},"page":"4-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["The origin of ovarian teratomas."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"J M","family":"Parrington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L F","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Povey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Tumiours ojf the ovary","author":"Fox, H.; Langley, F.A.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fox H, Langley FA. Tumiours ojf the ovary. London: Heinemann, 1976."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196412102712405","article-title":"Chromosome number and morphology of benign ovarian cystic teratomas","volume":"271","author":"Corfman, P.A.; Richart, R.M.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Corfman PA, Richart RM. Chromosome number and morphology of benign ovarian cystic teratomas. N Engl J Med 1964;271:1241-4.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"297","article-title":"Human benign ovarian teratomas: chromosomal and electrophoretic enzyme studies","volume":"XIV:","author":"Patil, SR, Kaiser-McCaw; B, Hecht; F, Linder; D, Lourien; E.W.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Patil SR, Kaiser-McCaw B, Hecht F, Linder D, Lourien EW. Human benign ovarian teratomas: chromosomal and electrophoretic enzyme studies. Birth Defects 1978;XIV:297-301.","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"699","volume-title":"Gene loss in human teratomas. Proc Natl Acal Sci USA 1969","volume":"63","author":"Linder, D.","unstructured":"Linder D. Gene loss in human teratomas. Proc Natl Acal Sci USA 1969;63:699-704."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1970.tb00216.x","article-title":"Further evidence for post-meiotic origin of teratomas in the human female","volume":"34","author":"Linder, D.; Power, J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Linder D, Power J. Further evidence for post-meiotic origin of teratomas in the human female. Ann Hum Genet 1970;34:21-30.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197501092920202","article-title":"Parthenogenic origin of benign ovarian teratomas","volume":"292","author":"Linder, D.; Kaiser-McCaw, B.; Hecht, F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Linder D, Kaiser-McCaw B, Hecht F. Parthenogenic origin of benign ovarian teratomas. N Engl J Afedl 1975; 292:63-6.","journal-title":"N Engl J Afedl"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1159\/000130640","article-title":"Ovarian teratomas: cytologic data","volume":"16","author":"Kaiser-McCaw, B.; Hecht, F.; Linder, D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kaiser-McCaw B, Hecht F, Linder D, et al. Ovarian teratomas: cytologic data. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1976; 16:391-5.","journal-title":"Cytogenet Cell Genet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/269517a0","article-title":"Ovarian teratomas in. mice are derived from oocytes that have completed the first meiotic division","volume":"269","author":"Eppig, J.T.; Kozak, L.P.; Eicher, E.M.; Stevens, L.C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Eppig JT, Kozak LP, Eicher EM, Stevens LC. Ovarian teratomas in. mice are derived from oocytes that have completed the first meiotic division. Natuire 1977;269: 517-8.","journal-title":"Natuire"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"61","article-title":"Exclusion mapping illustrated by the MNSs blood group","volume":"44","author":"Cook, P.J.L.; Noades, J.E.; Lomas, C.G.; Buckton-KE, Robson; E.B.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cook PJL, Noades JE, Lomas CG, Buckton-KE, Robson EB. Exclusion mapping illustrated by the MNSs blood group. Ann Hiln Genet 1980;44:61-73."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"147","article-title":"A mapping function for human chromosomes","volume":"40","author":"Sturt, E.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sturt E. A mapping function for human chromosomes. Ann Hum Genet 1976;40:147-63."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"196","article-title":"Gene mapping from ovarian teratomas","volume":"25","author":"Parrington, J.M.; West, L.F.; Povey, S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Parrington JM, West LF, Povey S. Gene mapping from ovarian teratomas. Cvtogenet Cell Genet 1979;25:196A.","journal-title":"Cvtogenet Cell Genet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00326282","article-title":"The relationship between patterns of DNA replication and of quinacrine fluorescence in the human chromosome complement","volume":"35","author":"Ganner, E.; Evans, H.J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ganner E, Evans HJ. The relationship between patterns of DNA replication and of quinacrine fluorescence in the human chromosome complement. Chromwosomta 1971; 35:326-41. Sumner AT.","journal-title":"Chromwosomta"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(72)90558-7","article-title":"A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin","volume":"75","year":"1972","unstructured":"A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Exp Cell Res 1972;75: 304-6.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1981.tb00314.x","article-title":"Glucose dehydrogenase polymorphism in man","volume":"45","author":"King, J.; Cook, P.J.L.","year":"1981","unstructured":"King J, Cook PJL. Glucose dehydrogenase polymorphism in man. Ann Hum Genet 1981;45:129-34.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1981.tb00348.x","article-title":"Detection in mammalian tissues and cultured cells","volume":"45","year":"1981","unstructured":"Detection in mammalian tissues and cultured cells. Ann Huim Genet 1981;45:341-56.","journal-title":"Ann Huim Genet"},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Handbook of enzyme electrophoresis in humnan genetics","author":"Harris, H.; Hopkinson, D.A.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Harris H, Hopkinson DA. Handbook of enzyme electrophoresis in humnan genetics. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1976."},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"Handlbook oj enzyme electrophoresis in human genetics. Supplement","author":"Harris, H.; Hopkinson, D.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Harris H, Hopkinson DA. Handlbook oj enzyme electrophoresis in human genetics. Supplement. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1977."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"651","article-title":"Polymorphism of human alpha-fucosidase","volume":"27","author":"Turner, B.M.; Turner, V.S.; Beratis, N.G.; Hirschhorn, K.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Turner BM, Turner VS, Beratis NG, Hirschhorn K. Polymorphism of human alpha-fucosidase. Amn J Hum, Genet 1975;27:651-61.","journal-title":"Amn J Hum, Genet"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"97","article-title":"Genetic evidence for four commoni alleles at the phosphoglucomutase-l locus (PGM 1) detectable by isoelectric focussing","volume":"34","author":"Sutton, J.G.; Burgess, R.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sutton JG, Burgess R. Genetic evidence for four commoni alleles at the phosphoglucomutase-l locus (PGM 1) detectable by isoelectric focussing. Vax Sang 1978;34: 97-103.","journal-title":"Vax Sang"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Human Gene Mapping","volume-title":"Sixth Internatioiial Workshop on Human Gene Mapping. Cltogenet Cell Genet 1982; 32: No 1-4","year":"1981","unstructured":"Human Gene Mapping 6 (1981). Sixth Internatioiial Workshop on Human Gene Mapping. Cltogenet Cell Genet 1982;32:No 1-4."},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Linkage studies on human chromosome 1","author":"King, J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"King J. Linkage studies on human chromosome 1. PhD thesis, University of London, 1982."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1982.tb00705.x","article-title":"Mapping studies on human mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase","volume":"46","author":"Jeremiah, S.J.; Povey, S.; Cooke, P.J.L.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jeremiah SJ, Povey S, Cooke PJL, et al. Mapping studies on human mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. Ann Hum Genet 1982;46:145-52.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1976.tb00179.x","article-title":"Estimating distances from the centromere by means of benign ovarian teratomas in man","volume":"40","author":"Ott, J.; Linder, D.; Kaiser-McCaw, B.; Lovrien, E.W.; Hecht, F.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ott J, Linder D, Kaiser-McCaw B, Lovrien EW, Hecht F. Estimating distances from the centromere by means of benign ovarian teratomas in man. Ann Humin Genet 1976;40:191-6.","journal-title":"Ann Humin Genet"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"\"7400","article-title":"Diverse origins of multiple ovarian teratomas","volume":"79","author":"Carritt, B.; Parrington, J.M.; Welch, H.M.; Povey, S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Carritt B, Parrington JM, Welch HM, Povey S. Diverse origins of multiple ovarian teratomas in a single individual. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;79:7400-4. 2-Eppig JT, Eicher EM. Application of the ovarian teratoma mapping method in the mouse. Genetics 1983;103: 797-812.","journal-title":"a single individual. Proc Natl Acad Sci; Genetics; Application of the ovarian teratoma mapping method in the mouse"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92265-5","article-title":"Why are ovarian teratomas benign whilst teratomas of the testis are malignant?","volume":"i:","author":"Riley, P.A.; Sutton, P.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Riley PA, Sutton PM. Why are ovarian teratomas benign whilst teratomas of the testis are malignant? Lancet 1975;i:1360-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"2135","article-title":"Cytogenetic evidence for premeiotic transformation of human testicular cancers","volume":"41","author":"Wang, N.; Perkins, K.L.; Bronson, D.L.; Fraley, E.E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wang N, Perkins KL, Bronson DL, Fraley EE. Cytogenetic evidence for premeiotic transformation of human testicular cancers. Cancer Res 1981;41:2135-40.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"580","article-title":"Genetic studies of complete and partial hydatidiform moles","volume":"ii:","author":"Lawler, S.D.; Pickthall, V.J.; Fisher, R.A.; Povey, S.; Evans, M.W.; Szulman, A.E.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lawler SD, Pickthall VJ, Fisher RA, Povey S, Evans MW, Szulman AE. Genetic studies of complete and partial hydatidiform moles. Lancet 1979;ii:580.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/286714a0","article-title":"Mechanism of origin of hydatidiform moles","volume":"286","author":"Jacobs, P.A.; Wilson, C.M.; Sprenkle, J.A.; Rosenshein, N.B.; Migeon, B.R.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jacobs PA, Wilson CM, Sprenkle JA, Rosenshein NB, Migeon BR. Mechanism of origin of hydatidiform moles. Nature 1980;286:714-6.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.21.1.4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T05:27:24Z","timestamp":1760765244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmg.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.21.1.4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jmg.21.1.4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jmg.21.1.4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2593","1468-6244"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2593","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-6244","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,2]]}}}