{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:13:27Z","timestamp":1761894807858,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A comparison has been made of the effectiveness of periconceptional vitamin supplementation for the prevention of recurrence of neural tube defects (NTD) in south-east England and Northern Ireland. These areas represent the extremes of birth prevalence of NTD (low and high respectively) within the United Kingdom. Vitamin therapy resulted in a slightly less than two-fold reduction in the recurrence risk in south-east England and a greater than three-fold reduction in Northern Ireland, when compared with unsupplemented women at the same risk from the two areas. It is probable that one of the recurrences in each area did not involve the multifactorial form of NTD and, if these are excluded, then the reduction in recurrence risk with vitamin supplementation is 2.4 times in south-east England and 5.4 times in Northern Ireland. Either way, beneficial effects of supplementation are apparent in both areas but are more marked in the high prevalence area. The implications of this for the future are discussed. Two other important findings were that all but one of the recurrences of NTD with full supplementation occurred in male fetuses, and there was a higher than expected occurrence of isolated hydrocephalus in infants or fetuses following full supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.21.5.325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T15:09:16Z","timestamp":1226329756000},"page":"325-330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Periconceptional vitamin supplementation and the prevention of neural tube defects in south-east England and Northern Ireland."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"M J","family":"Seller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N C","family":"Nevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.56.12.911","article-title":"Apparent prevention of neural tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation","volume":"56","author":"Smithells, R.W.; Sheppard, S.; Schorah, C.J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Smithells RW, Sheppard S, Schorah CJ, et al. Apparent prevention of neural tube defects by periconceptional vitamin supplementation. Arch Dis Child 1981; 56:911-8.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"102731","article-title":"Further experience of vitamin supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defect recurrences","volume":"i:","author":"Smithells, R.W.; Nevin, N.C.; Seller, M.J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Smithells RW, Nevin NC, Seller MJ, et al. Further experience of vitamin supplementation for the prevention of neural tube defect recurrences. Lancet 1983;i:102731.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"323","article-title":"An epidemiological study of neural tube defects in Los Angeles County. II. Etiologic factors in an area with low prevalence at birth","volume-title":"Teratology","volume":"25","author":"Sever, L.E.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sever LE. An epidemiological study of neural tube defects in Los Angeles County. II. Etiologic factors in an area with low prevalence at birth. Teratology 1982;25:323-34."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.18.4.245","article-title":"Recurrence risks for neural tube defects in a genetic counselling clinic population","volume":"18","author":"Seller, M.J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Seller MJ. Recurrence risks for neural tube defects in a genetic counselling clinic population. J Med Genet 1981; 18:245-8.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.16.2.129","article-title":"The sex ratio in anencephaly","volume":"16","author":"James, W.H.","year":"1979","unstructured":"James WH. The sex ratio in anencephaly. 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A genetic approach","author":"Seller, M.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Seller MJ. Neural tube defects: cause and prevention. In: Adinolfi M, Benson PF, Giannelli F, Seller MJ, eds. Paediatric research. A genetic approach. London: Spastics International Medical Publications, 1982:197-211."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.16.1.14","article-title":"Sib risk of neural tube defect: is prenatal diagnosis indicated in pregnancies following the birth of a hydrocephalic child?","volume":"16","author":"Cohen, T.; Stern, E.; Rosenmann, A.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cohen T, Stern E, Rosenmann A. Sib risk of neural tube defect: is prenatal diagnosis indicated in pregnancies following the birth of a hydrocephalic child? J Med Genet 1979;16:14-6.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)91805-7","article-title":"Congenital malformations in newborn infants of diabetic women: correlation with maternal diabetic vascular complications","volume":"i:","author":"Molsted-Pedersen, L.; Tygstrup, I.; Pedersen, J.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Molsted-Pedersen L, Tygstrup I, Pedersen J. Congenital malformations in newborn infants of diabetic women: correlation with maternal diabetic vascular complications. Lancet 1964;i: 1124-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"303","article-title":"Congenital malformations in infants of diabetic mothers","volume":"45","author":"Soler, N.G.; Walsh, C.H.; Malins, J.M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Soler NG, Walsh CH, Malins JM. Congenital malformations in infants of diabetic mothers. 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