{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:30:40Z","timestamp":1790512240656,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) has been well characterised and the accepted criteria for diagnosis are the presence of at least two of the three major components: hypoparathyroidism (HPT), candidiasis, and adrenal insufficiency (AI). HPT may, however, be the only manifestation of the syndrome. Iranian Jews, having a high rate of consanguinity, appear to be a community in which PAS type I is frequent. We report on 19 families of patients with HPT from the Iranian Jewish community assuming that they are in fact affected with PAS type I. In the 19 families, 23 patients were affected, including 11 males and 12 females. All the patients but one had HPT (96%), and most were diagnosed by the age of 20 years (91%). AI was diagnosed in five of our patients; in all cases but one it appeared after HPT. Mild oral candidiasis was present in four patients and six of the patients (three males and three females) had hypogonadism. Other features of the syndrome found in some of our patients were pernicious anaemia, hypothyroidism, and alopecia. The disease is autosomal recessive and the calculated prevalence among the Iranian Jews is 1:6500 to 1:9000. The disease is also found with a very high incidence among Finns. A comparison of the symptoms between the two groups showed clinical differences including the relative rarity of candidiasis and absence of keratopathy among the Iranian Jews.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.29.11.824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T15:23:16Z","timestamp":1226330596000},"page":"824-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type I among Iranian Jews."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Zlotogora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Mendelian inheritance in man","author":"McKusick, V.A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"McKusick VA. Mendelian inheritance in man. 9th ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.","edition":"9th ed"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198109000-00003","article-title":"Two types of autoimmune Addison's disease associated with different polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) syndromes","volume":"60","author":"Neufeld, M.; Maclaren, N.K.; Blizzard, R.M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neufeld M, Maclaren NK, Blizzard RM. Two types of autoimmune Addison's disease associated with different polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) syndromes. Medicine 1981;60:355-62.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"53","article-title":"Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in Israel","volume":"17","author":"Zlotogora, J.; Cohen, T.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Zlotogora J, Cohen T. Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in Israel. IsrJ Med Sci 1981;17:53-4.","journal-title":"IsrJ Med Sci"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199006283222601","article-title":"Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasisectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients","volume":"322","author":"Ahonen, P.; Myllarniemi Sipila, I.; Perheentupa, J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ahonen P, Myllarniemi Sipila I, Perheentupa J. Clinical variation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasisectodermal dystrophy (APECED) in a series of 68 patients. N Engl 7 Med 1990;322:1829-36.","journal-title":"N Engl 7 Med"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Statistical abstracts of Israel","year":"1990","unstructured":"Statistical abstracts of Israel. Jerusalem: Central Bureau of Statistics, 1990."},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Genetic disorders among the 3tewish people","author":"Goodman, R.M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Goodman RM. Genetic disorders among the 3tewish people. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(77)90407-8","article-title":"Familial hypoparathyroidism with candidiasis and mental retardation","volume":"44","author":"Pisanty, S.; Garfunkel, A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Pisanty S, Garfunkel A. Familial hypoparathyroidism with candidiasis and mental retardation. Oral Surg 1977;44:374-83.","journal-title":"Oral Surg"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347139","article-title":"The polyglandular deficiency syndrome: a new variant in Persian Jews","volume":"10","author":"Shapiro, M.S.; Zamir, R.; Weiss, E.; Radnay, J.; Shenkman, L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shapiro MS, Zamir R, Weiss E, Radnay J, Shenkman L. The polyglandular deficiency syndrome: a new variant in Persian Jews. 7 Endocrinol Invest 1987;10: 1-7.","journal-title":"7 Endocrinol Invest"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.29.11.824","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T20:31:33Z","timestamp":1760733093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmg.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.29.11.824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jmg.29.11.824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jmg.29.11.824","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2593","1468-6244"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2593","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-6244","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}}}