{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:18:24Z","timestamp":1764688704570,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The molecular characterisation of chromosomal aberrations in Xp22.3 has established the map position of several genes with mutations resulting in diverse phenotypes such as short stature (SS), chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX), mental retardation (MRX), ichthyosis (XLI), and Kallmann syndrome (KAL). We describe the clinical symptoms of a patient with a complex syndrome compatible with all these conditions plus ocular albinism (OA1). He has a terminal Xp deletion of at least 10 Mb of DNA. Both the mother and sister of the patient are carriers of the deletion and show a number of traits seen in Turner's syndrome. The diagnosis of ocular albinism was confirmed in the patient and his mother, who shows iris translucency, patches and streaks of hypopigmentation in the fundus, and macromelanosomes in epidermal melanocytes. By comparative deletion mapping we can define a deletion interval, which locates the OA1 gene proximal to DXS143 and distal to DXS85, with the breakpoints providing valuable starting points for cloning strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.30.10.838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T15:23:16Z","timestamp":1226330596000},"page":"838-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Analysis of a terminal Xp22.3 deletion in a patient with six monogenic disorders: implications for the mapping of X linked ocular albinism."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Meindl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Hosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Br\u00fcckl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Schuffenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Jenderny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bacskulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H C","family":"Oppermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Swensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Bouloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Meitinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/1.4.221","article-title":"Deletions and translocations involving the distal short arm of the human X chromosome: review and hypotheses","volume":"1","author":"Ballabio, A.; Andria, G.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ballabio A, Andria G. Deletions and translocations involving the distal short arm of the human X chromosome: review and hypotheses. Hum Mol Genet 1992;1:221-7.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00291422","article-title":"Deletions of the steroid sulphatase in classical X-linked ichthyosis and in X-linked ichthyosis associated with Kallmann's syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Ballabio, A.; Sebastio, G.; Carozzo, R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ballabio A, Sebastio G, Carozzo R, et al. Deletions of the steroid sulphatase in classical X-linked ichthyosis and in X-linked ichthyosis associated with Kallmann's syndrome. Hum Genet 1987;77:338-41.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90447-8","article-title":"Cloning and expression of steroid sulfatase cDNA and the frequent occurrence of deletions in STS deficiency: implication of X-Y interchange","volume":"49","author":"Yen, P.H.; Allen, E.; Marsh, B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yen PH, Allen E, Marsh B, et al. Cloning and expression of steroid sulfatase cDNA and the frequent occurrence of deletions in STS deficiency: implication of X-Y interchange. Cell 1987;49:443-54.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/353529a0","article-title":"A gene deleted in Kallmann's syndrome shares homology with neural cell adhesion and axonal path-finding molecules","volume":"353","author":"Franco, B.; Guioli, S.; Pragliola, A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Franco B, Guioli S, Pragliola A, et al. A gene deleted in Kallmann's syndrome shares homology with neural cell adhesion and axonal path-finding molecules. Nature 1992;353:529-36.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"423","article-title":"The candidate gene for the C-linked Kallmann syndrome encodes a protein related to adhesion molecules","volume":"67","author":"Legouis, R.; Hardelin, J.P.; Levilliers, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Legouis R, Hardelin JP, Levilliers J, et al. The candidate gene for the C-linked Kallmann syndrome encodes a protein related to adhesion molecules. Cell 1992;67:423-35.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"174","article-title":"A new syndrome of anosmia, ichthyosis, hypogonadism and various neurological manifestations with deficiency of steroid sulfatase and arylsulfatase C","volume":"19","author":"Sunohara, N.; Sakuragawa, N.; Satoyoshi, E.; Tanae, A.; Shapiro, L.J.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sunohara N, Sakuragawa N, Satoyoshi E, Tanae A, Shapiro LJ. A new syndrome of anosmia, ichthyosis, hypogonadism and various neurological manifestations with deficiency of steroid sulfatase and arylsulfatase C. Ann Neurol 1986;19:174-81."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"706","article-title":"An Xp22 microdeletion associated with ocular albinism and ichthyosis: approximation of breakpoints and estimation of deletion size by using cloned DNA probes and flow cytometry","volume":"45","author":"Schnur, R.E.; Trask, B.J.; van den Engh, G.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schnur RE, Trask BJ, van den Engh G, et al. An Xp22 microdeletion associated with ocular albinism and ichthyosis: approximation of breakpoints and estimation of deletion size by using cloned DNA probes and flow cytometry. Am 7 Hum Genet 1989;45:706-20.","journal-title":"Am 7 Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"3680","article-title":"Long range restriction map of the terminal part of the short arm","volume-title":"of the human X chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci","volume":"87","author":"Petit, C.; Levilliers, J.; Weissenbach, J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Petit C, Levilliers J, Weissenbach J. Long range restriction map of the terminal part of the short arm of the human X chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:3680-4."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"10001","article-title":"Contiguous gene syndromes due to deletions in the distal short arm of the Acad","volume-title":"USA human X chromosome. Proc Natl Sci 1989","volume":"86","author":"Ballabio, A.; Parenti, G.; Carrozzo, R.","unstructured":"Ballabio A, Parenti G, Carrozzo R, et al. Contiguous gene syndromes due to deletions in the distal short arm of the Acad USA human X chromosome. Proc Natl Sci 1989;86: 10001-5."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"247","article-title":"An interstitial deletion in Xp22.3 in a family with X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata and short stature","volume":"85","author":"Petit, C.; Melki, J.; Levilliers, J.; Serville, F.; Weissenbach, J.; Maroteaux, P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Petit C, Melki J, Levilliers J, Serville F, Weissenbach J, Maroteaux P. An interstitial deletion in Xp22.3 in a family with X-linked chondrodysplasia punctata and short stature. Hum Genet 1990;85:247-50.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.29.9.624","article-title":"Chromosomal localisation of a pseudoautosomal growth gene(s)","volume":"29","author":"Ogata, T.; Petit, C.; Matsuo, Rappold G.; N, Matsumoto; T, Goodfellow; P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ogata T, Petit C, Rappold G. Matsuo N, Matsumoto T, Goodfellow P. Chromosomal localisation of a pseudoautosomal growth gene(s). Med Genet 1992;29:624-8.","journal-title":"Med Genet"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.29.8.552","article-title":"Genetic mapping of X linked ocular albinism: linkage analysis in British families","volume":"29","author":"Charles, S.J.; Moore, A.T.; Yates, J.R.W.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Charles SJ, Moore AT, Yates JRW. Genetic mapping of X linked ocular albinism: linkage analysis in British families. J Med Genet 1992;29:552-4.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00206065","article-title":"Multipoint linkage analysis in X-linked ocular albinism of the Nettleship-Falls type (OA1)","volume":"88","author":"Bergen, A.A.B.; Schuurman, E.J.M.; VanDosch, L.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bergen AAB, Schuurman EJM, VanDosch L, et al. Multipoint linkage analysis in X-linked ocular albinism of the Nettleship-Falls type (OA1). Hum Genet 1991;88:162-6.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(91)90353-G","article-title":"Linkage analysis in X- linked ocular albinism","volume":"9","author":"Schnur, R.E.; Nussbaum, R.L.; Anson-Cartwright, L.; McDowell, C.; Worton, R.; Musarella, M.A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Schnur RE, Nussbaum RL, Anson-Cartwright L, McDowell C, Worton R, Musarella MA. Linkage analysis in X- linked ocular albinism. Genomics 1991;9:605-13.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_15","author":"van Wieringen JC; F, Wafelbakker; HP, Verbragge; de Haas JH","year":"1965","unstructured":"van Wieringen JC, Wafelbakker F, Verbragge HP, de Haas JH. Growth diagrams 1965 Netherlands. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff, 1971.","journal-title":"Growth diagrams"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257746","article-title":"High resolution human chromosomes","volume":"191","author":"Yunis, J.J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Yunis JJ. High resolution human chromosomes. Science 1976;191:1268-70.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"93","article-title":"High resolution R-and G-banding on the same preparation","volume":"57","author":"Dutrillaux, B.; Viegas-Pequignot, E.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dutrillaux B, Viegas-Pequignot E. High resolution R-and G-banding on the same preparation. Hum Genet 1981;57:93-5.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0193-82","article-title":"A human pseudoautosomal gene, ADP\/ATP translocase, escapes X-inactivation whereas a homologue on Xq is subject to X-inactivation","volume":"3","author":"Schiebel, K.; Weiss, B.; Wohrle, D.; Rappold, G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schiebel K, Weiss B, Wohrle D, Rappold G. A human pseudoautosomal gene, ADP\/ATP translocase, escapes X-inactivation whereas a homologue on Xq is subject to X-inactivation. Nature Genet 1993;3:82-7.","journal-title":"Nature Genet"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2877492","article-title":"A pseudoautosomal gene in man","volume":"234","author":"Goodfellow, P.; Darling, S.M.; Thomas, N.S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Goodfellow P, Darling SM, Thomas NS. A pseudoautosomal gene in man. Science 1986;234:740-3.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"4079","article-title":"A DNA fragment from the human X chromosome which detects a partially homologous sequence on the Y chromosome long arm","volume":"12","author":"Koenig, M.; Camerino, G.; Heilig, R.; Mandel, J.L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Koenig M, Camerino G, Heilig R, Mandel JL. A DNA fragment from the human X chromosome which detects a partially homologous sequence on the Y chromosome long arm. Nucleic Acids Res 1984;12:4079-109.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"567","article-title":"Anonymous X-chromosomal probes revealing DNA polymorphisms one of which is a deletion of more than 3-0 kb","volume":"40","author":"Ahrens, P.; Albertsen, H.; Rijs-Vestergard, SR, Bolund; L, Kruse; T.A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ahrens P, Albertsen H, Rijs-Vestergard SR, Bolund L, Kruse TA. Anonymous X-chromosomal probes revealing DNA polymorphisms one of which is a deletion of more than 3-0 kb. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1985;40:567.","journal-title":"Cytogenet Cell Genet"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"3977","article-title":"Deletion of a DNA sequence in eight of nine families with X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulfatase deficiency) Nucleic Acids","volume":"15","author":"Gillard, E.F.; Affara, N.A.; Yates, J.R.W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gillard EF, Affara NA, Yates JRW, et al. Deletion of a DNA sequence in eight of nine families with X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulfatase deficiency) Nucleic Acids Res 1987;15:3977-85.","journal-title":"Res"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5723","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.15.5723","article-title":"An RFLP detecting single copy X chromosome fragment, dic 56, from Xp22-Xpter","volume":"13","author":"Middlesworth, W.; Bertelson, C.; Kunkel, L.M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Middlesworth W, Bertelson C, Kunkel LM. An RFLP detecting single copy X chromosome fragment, dic 56, from Xp22-Xpter. Nucleic Acids Res 1985;13:5723.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00273073","article-title":"Isolation of probes detecting restriction fragment polymorphism from X chromosome specific libraries: potential use for diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"70","author":"Hofker, M.H.; Wapenaar, M.C.; Goor, N.; Bakker, E.; van Ommen, G.J.B.; Pearson, P.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hofker MH, Wapenaar MC, Goor N, Bakker E, van Ommen GJB, Pearson PL. Isolation of probes detecting restriction fragment polymorphism from X chromosome specific libraries: potential use for diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Genet 1985;70:148-56.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(85)90232-X","article-title":"Construction of a human X-chromosome-enriched phage library which facilitates analysis of specific loci","volume":"33","author":"Kunkel, L.M.; LaLande, M.; Monaco, A.P.; Flint, A.; Middlesworth, W.; Latt, S.A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kunkel LM, LaLande M, Monaco AP, Flint A, Middlesworth W, Latt SA. Construction of a human X-chromosome-enriched phage library which facilitates analysis of specific loci. Gene 1985;33:251-8.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00284052","article-title":"Brachtelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata: a possible X-linked recessive form","volume":"82","author":"Maroteaux, P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Maroteaux P. Brachtelephalangic chondrodysplasia punctata: a possible X-linked recessive form. Hum Genet 1989;82: 167-70.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.28.7.503","article-title":"Maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome) and chondrodysplasia punctata","volume":"28","author":"Sheffield, L.J.; Halliday, J.L.; Jensen, F.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sheffield LJ, Halliday JL, Jensen F. Maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome) and chondrodysplasia punctata. J Med Genet 1991;28:503-4.","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref_28","article-title":"The hand in radiological diagnosis","author":"Poznanski, A.K.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Poznanski AK. The hand in radiological diagnosis. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1984.","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/345734a0","article-title":"Localization of the human GM-CSF receptor gene to the X-Y psuedoautosomal region","volume":"345","author":"Gough, N.M.; Gearing, D.P.; Nicola, N.A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gough NM, Gearing DP, Nicola NA, et al. Localization of the human GM-CSF receptor gene to the X-Y psuedoautosomal region. Nature 1990;345:734-6.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/1.1.47","article-title":"Isolation of a new gene from the distal short arm of the human X chromosome that escapes X-inactivation","volume":"1","author":"Yen, P.H.; Ellison, J.; Salido, E.C.; Mohandas, T.; Shapiro, L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yen PH, Ellison J, Salido EC, Mohandas T, Shapiro L. Isolation of a new gene from the distal short arm of the human X chromosome that escapes X-inactivation. Hum Mol Genet 1992;1:47-52.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"23","article-title":"Gonadal dysgenesis and abnormalities of the human sex chromosomes: current status of phenotypekaryotype correlations","volume":"11","author":"Simpson, J.L.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Simpson JL. Gonadal dysgenesis and abnormalities of the human sex chromosomes: current status of phenotypekaryotype correlations. Birth Defects 1975;11:23-59.","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198410183111603","article-title":"Inherited chondrodysplasia punctata due to deletion of the terminal short arm of an X chromosome","volume":"311","author":"Curry, C.J.R.; Magenis, R.E.; Brown, M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Curry CJR, Magenis RE, Brown M, et al. Inherited chondrodysplasia punctata due to deletion of the terminal short arm of an X chromosome. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1010-15.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1989.tb02957.x","article-title":"Chondrodysplasia punctata in an adult recognized as vitamin K antagonist embryopathy","volume":"35","author":"Hosenfeld, D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hosenfeld D. Chondrodysplasia punctata in an adult recognized as vitamin K antagonist embryopathy. Clin Genet 1989;35:376-81.","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1993.1176","article-title":"Refinement of the localization of the X-linked ocular albinism gene","volume":"16","author":"Bergen, A.A.B.; Zijp, P.; Schuurmann, J.M.; Bleeker-Wagemakers, E.M.; Apkarian, P.; van Ommen, G.J.B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bergen AAB, Zijp P, Schuurmann JM, Bleeker-Wagemakers EM, Apkarian P, van Ommen GJB. Refinement of the localization of the X-linked ocular albinism gene. Genomics 1993;16:272-3.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"931","article-title":"Visual system anomalies in human ocular albinos","author":"Creel, D.; O'Donnell, F.E.; Witcop, C.J.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Creel D, O'Donnell FE, Witcop CJ. Visual system anomalies in human ocular albinos. Science 1978;201:931-3.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1976.03910040593001","article-title":"X linked ocular albinism. An oculocutaneous macromelanosomal disorder","volume":"94","author":"O'Donnell, D.; Hambrick, G.W.; Green, W.R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"O'Donnell D, Hambrick GW, Green WR, et al. X linked ocular albinism. An oculocutaneous macromelanosomal disorder. Arch Ophthalmol 1976;94:1883-92.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1992.15","article-title":"Genetic counselling in X-linked ocular albinism","volume":"6","author":"Charles, S.J.; Moore, A.T.; Grant, J.W.; Yates, J.R.W.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Charles SJ, Moore AT, Grant JW, Yates JRW. Genetic counselling in X-linked ocular albinism. Eye 1992;6:75-9.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"235","article-title":"Localisation of DNA sequences in region Xp2 1 of the human X chromosome: search for molecular markers close to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus","volume":"37","author":"de Martinville B; LM, Kunkel; G, Bruns","year":"1985","unstructured":"de Martinville B, Kunkel LM, Bruns G, et al. Localisation of DNA sequences in region Xp2 1 of the human X chromosome: search for molecular markers close to the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus. Am J Hum Genet 1985;37:235-49.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.30.10.838","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T04:54:27Z","timestamp":1759726467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmg.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.30.10.838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jmg.30.10.838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jmg.30.10.838","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2593","1468-6244"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-2593"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-6244"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,10]]}}}