{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T11:59:05Z","timestamp":1792151945091,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Angelman syndrome (AS) results from a lack of maternal contribution from chromosome 15q11-13, arising from de novo deletion in most cases or rarely from uniparental disomy. These families are associated with a low recurrence risk. However, in a minority of families, more than one child is affected. No deletion has been found in these families, except one. The mode of inheritance in these families is autosomal dominant modified by imprinting. Sporadic cases, with no observable deletion, therefore pose a counselling dilemma as there could be a recurrence risk as high as 50%. We present a series of 93 AS patients, showing the relative contribution of these different genetic mechanisms. Eighty-one AS patients were sporadic cases while 12 cases came from six families. Sixty cases had deletions in 15q11-13 detected by a set of highly polymorphic (CA)n repeats markers and conventional RFLPs. Ten sporadic cases plus all 12 familial cases had no detectable deletion. In addition, two cases of de novo deletions occurred in a chromosome 15 carrying a pericentric inversion. In one of these the AS child had a cousin with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) arising from a de novo deletion in an inv(15) inherited from his father. One case arose from a maternal balanced t(9;15)(p24;q15) translocation. There were three cases of uniparental disomy. Five patients were monoallelic for all loci across the minimal AS critical region, but the presence of a deletion cannot be confirmed. In familial cases, all affected sibs inherited the same maternal chromosome 15 markers for the region 15q11-13. Two cases were observed with a de novo deletion starting close to the locus D15S11 (IR4-2R), providing evidence for the development of classical AS with smaller deletions. Cytogenetic analysis proved limited in its ability to detect deletions, detecting only 42 out of 60 cases. However, cytogenetic analysis is still essential to detect chromosomal abnormalities other than deletions such as inversions and balanced translocations since both have an increased risk for deletions. A staged diagnostic strategy based on the use of highly informative (CA)n repeat markers is proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.30.11.895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T15:23:16Z","timestamp":1226330596000},"page":"895-902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Molecular mechanisms in Angelman syndrome: a survey of 93 patients."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"C T","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Clayton-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X J","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Buxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"Pembrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Malcolm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320440236","article-title":"Further evidence for dominant inheritance at the chromosome 15ql 113 locus in familial Angelman syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Clayton-Smith, J.; Webb, T.; Robb, S.A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Clayton-Smith J, Webb T, Robb SA, et al. Further evidence for dominant inheritance at the chromosome 15ql 113 locus in familial Angelman syndrome. AmJMed Genet 1992;44:256-60.","journal-title":"AmJMed Genet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320410117","article-title":"DNA deletion and its parental origin in Angelman syndrome patients","volume":"41","author":"Hamabe, J.; Kuroki, Y.; Imaizumi, K.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hamabe J, Kuroki Y, Imaizumi K, et al. DNA deletion and its parental origin in Angelman syndrome patients. Am J Med Genet 1991;41:64-8.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1965.tb07844.x","article-title":"'Puppet' children: a report of three cases","volume":"7","author":"Angelman, H.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Angelman H. 'Puppet' children: a report of three cases. 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FISH ordering of reference markers and of the gene for the a5 subunit of the T-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABRA5) within the Angelman and Prader-Willi syndrome chromosomal regions. Hum Mol Genet 1993;2:183-9.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5449","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.19.5449-a","article-title":"Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism near D15S10 in the Prader-Willi chromosome region (PWCR)","volume":"19","author":"Lindeman, R.; Kouts, S.; Woodage, T.; Smith, A.; Trent, R.J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lindeman R, Kouts S, Woodage T, Smith A, Trent RJ. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism near D15S10 in the Prader-Willi chromosome region (PWCR). 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Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/1.5.348","article-title":"Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the GABAA receptor a5 (GABRA5) locus at chromosome 15q 1l-q13","volume":"1","author":"Glatt, K.A.; Sinnett, D.; Lalande, M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Glatt KA, Sinnett D, Lalande M. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the GABAA receptor a5 (GABRA5) locus at chromosome 15q 1l-q13. Hum Mol Genet 1992;1:348.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.29.12.921","article-title":"Angelman syndrome with a chromosomal inversion 15 inv(pllql3) accompanied by a deletion in 15qllql3","volume":"29","author":"Webb, T.; Clayton-Smith, J.; Cheng, X.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Webb T, Clayton-Smith J, Cheng XJ, et al. Angelman syndrome with a chromosomal inversion 15 inv(pllql3) accompanied by a deletion in 15qllql3. 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