{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:10:42Z","timestamp":1791220242465,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Velocardiofacial syndrome, delineated in 1978 by Shprintzen, is a multiple genetic disorder, characterised primarily by cleft palate, cardiovascular anomalies, typical facies, and learning disorders. This syndrome with its recurrent pattern of anomalies has significant implications for education as it is linked to a variety of educationally relevant problems including learning difficulties, behaviour disorders, and speech and language deficits. While clinical research advances and new findings in cytogenetics enable early diagnosis and genetic counselling, ramifications of the syndrome in the field of education are still unknown. Learning difficulties should not be viewed solely as a pathological condition and with data on success of intervention, parents and teachers can be apprised of the information. This paper discusses academic characteristics and the effects of intervention with emphasis on interactive computer based instruction on the development of reading, language, spelling, and numeracy skills. Positive effects of computer based instruction on students' self-esteem, motivation, and competence in computer operational skills were also observed and noted. We are encouraged by the enthusiasms of the students for the system, the development of interest in reading, and the transfer of remedial instruction to classroom performance. Comparison of pretest and post-test results indicated significant improvement in reading ability as measured using Neale Analysis. This improvement is in accordance with results obtained using computer testing of specific subskills in reading\/language and mathematics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.32.8.612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T15:23:16Z","timestamp":1226330596000},"page":"612-618","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Velocardiofacial syndrome: learning difficulties and intervention."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"L L","family":"Kok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R T","family":"Solman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/002246699002400106","article-title":"Classroom teachers' views of intervention strategies for learning and behaviour problems: which are reasonable and how frequently are they used?","volume":"24","author":"Johnson, L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johnson L, Pugach M. Classroom teachers' views of intervention strategies for learning and behaviour problems: which are reasonable and how frequently are they used? 7 Special Ed 1990;24:69-84.","journal-title":"7 Special Ed"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03205578","article-title":"Session VI instructional and clinical applications. Implementing a long term compfueteedrbiazcekd: remedial reading program with synthetic speech hardware, software and real world issues","volume":"21","author":"Wise, B.; Olson, R.; Anstett, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wise B, Olson R, Anstett M, et al. Session VI instructional and clinical applications. Implementing a long term compfueteedrbiazcekd: remedial reading program with synthetic speech hardware, software and real world issues. Behaviour Research Methods, Instruments & Computers 1989; 21:173-80.","journal-title":"Behaviour Research Methods, Instruments & Computers"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259201300208","article-title":"Computer assisted learning: effects of whole-word feedback on fluency and comprehension in readers with severe disabilities","volume":"13","author":"Farmer, M.; Klein, R.; Bryson, S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Farmer M, Klein R, Bryson S. Computer assisted learning: effects of whole-word feedback on fluency and comprehension in readers with severe disabilities. J Remedial Special Ed 1992;13:50-60.","journal-title":"J Remedial Special Ed"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Effectiveness of a teaching tool for indrtieevmpi, odrutWalIfioCsreAtdhTiensMNtiorucvchetiimogbnae:nraEn1d9iu8nct5aetrtaihcortoniuavgelhcRJoe7msupneueatre1cr9h8m8Aa.snsAaogcseipadetcsiiyoasnl-Conference","author":"Mys, D.P.; Petrie, J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mys DP, Petrie J. Effectiveness of a teaching tool for indrtieevmpi,odrutWalIfioCsreAtdhTiensMNtiorucvchetiimogbnae:nraEn1d9iu8nct5aetrtaihcortoniuavgelhcRJoe7msupneueatre1cr9h8m8Aa.snsAaogcseipadetcsiiyoasnl-Conference, Lansing, MI, 19 January 1989."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.32.8.612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T04:25:28Z","timestamp":1759724728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmg.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jmg.32.8.612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jmg.32.8.612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jmg.32.8.612","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2593","1468-6244"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2593","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-6244","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]}}}