{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:35:23Z","timestamp":1762004123982,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Med Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To assess birth and gene frequencies of specific autosomal recessively inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) within different ethnic groups. DESIGN: Retrospective study in a regional centre for investigation and treatment of IEM. SUBJECTS: All children born within the West Midlands NHS Region, UK, during the decade immediately preceding the 1991 National Census. METHODS: Birth frequencies for individual IEM were calculated separately for the main ethnic groups in the West Midlands using data from the West Midlands Neonatal Screening Programme, the regional register of IEM patients, and population frequencies from the National Census. Gene frequencies were calculated using previously documented observations on parental consanguinity rates and inbreeding coefficients. RESULTS: The overall incidence of recorded IEM was tenfold higher among Pakistanis compared to white children (1:318 v 1:3760), whereas only one AfroCaribbean child was identified (incidence 1:16 887). Tyrosinaemia type 1, cystinosis, mucopolysaccharidosis type 1, non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia, and hyperchylomicronaemia all occurred more frequently among Pakistanis. An increased gene frequency was only confirmed for tyrosinaemia. The incidence of phenylketonuria was similar in Pakistani and white children (1:14 452 v 1:12 611), but the gene frequency was significantly lower in Pakistanis (1:713 v 1:112). These results illustrate the interplay between gene frequency and parental consanguinity in determining disease frequencies in different populations, and indicate anticipated disease frequencies in the absence of consanguineous marriage. These figures have implications for the organisation of services for management of inborn errors, for genetic counselling, and for the assessment of gene flow in world populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.35.5.366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]],"date-time":"2008-11-10T15:37:21Z","timestamp":1226331441000},"page":"366-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["A comparison of disease and gene frequencies of inborn errors of metabolism among different ethnic groups in the West Midlands, UK."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"A C","family":"Hutchesson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bundey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Preece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S K","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Population Censuses and Surveys","author":"Office of","year":"1991","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. The 1991 Census County Report: West Midlands (Series CEN 91 CR 43). London: HMSO, 1992.","journal-title":"The; (Series CEN 91 CR 43); Census County Report: West Midlands"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Population Censuses and Surveys. The 1991 Census Report for England: Regional Health Authorities","volume-title":"(Series CEN 91 RERHA)","author":"Office of","year":"1993","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. The 1991 Census Report for England: Regional Health Authorities (Series CEN 91 RERHA). London: HMSO, 1993."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.74.3.F191","article-title":"Neonatal screening for tyrosinaemia","volume":"74","author":"Hutchesson, A.C.J.; Hall, S.K.; Preece, M.A.; Green, A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hutchesson ACJ, Hall SK, Preece MA, Green A. Neonatal screening for tyrosinaemia. 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