{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T16:55:08Z","timestamp":1781801708213,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J NeuroIntervent Surg"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"Augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a promising technology in various medical fields.1 2 In the context of brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) surgery, AR offers the potential to enhance surgical visualization and improve procedural accuracy.3 4 5 6 This report aims to explore the application of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) from an IV contrast injection (IV-DSA) in AR-guided resection of bAVMs in a neurosurgical hybrid operating room.<\/jats:p>The workflow of IV-DSA-based AR-guided surgery for the resection of bAVMs consists of four main components: (1) acquiring source images through i-Flow tailored or multiphase scans (Siemens, Germany); (2) labelling targets in the workstation using Smartbrush software (Brainlab, Westchester, Illinois, USA); (3) using the Brainlab Curve navigation system; and (4) merging microscopic AR fusion using Zeiss Kinevo (AG, Germany). In video 1 we show the entire workflow and introduce i-Flow tailored IV-DSA data acquisition in the hybrid operating room. In summary, IV-DSA-based augmented reality is an innovative technique for bAVM surgery.<\/jats:p>Video 1<\/jats:label>-i-flow tailored iv-DSA<\/jats:title><\/jats:caption><\/jats:fig><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2023-020797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T17:20:32Z","timestamp":1695921632000},"page":"332-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Feasibility and workflow analysis of IV-DSA-based augmented reality-guided brain arteriovenous malformation resection in a hybrid operating room: i-Flow tailored method"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Hsin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Chen","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8495-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuang-Seng","family":"Tsuei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021405050923000_17.3.332.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.11.018","article-title":"Intraoperative clinical application of augmented reality in neurosurgery: a systematic review","volume":"177","author":"Contreras L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025021405050923000_17.3.332.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-022-01929-7","article-title":"Augmented and virtual reality usage in awake craniotomy: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Mofatteh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"2025021405050923000_17.3.332.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozaydin B , Dawkins DW , Armstrong SA , et al . Intraoperative application of a new-generation 3D IV-DSA technology in resection of a hemorrhagic cerebellar AVM. Neurosurg Focus Video 2021;4. doi:10.3171\/2020.10.FOCVID2086","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.10.FOCVID2086"},{"key":"2025021405050923000_17.3.332.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-021-05022-8","article-title":"Detection of impending perfusion deficits by intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) in aneurysm surgery of the anterior circulation","volume":"163","author":"Thorsteinsdottir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"2025021405050923000_17.3.332.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2000.0707","article-title":"Surgical management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with intraoperative digital subtraction angiography","volume":"7 (Suppl 1)","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2025021405050923000_17.3.332.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.05.241","article-title":"Combined endovascular and microsurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformations in the hybrid operating room","volume":"117","author":"Gr\u00fcter","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnis-2023-020797","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T13:06:14Z","timestamp":1739538374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnis.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnis-2023-020797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnis-2023-020797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnis-2023-020797","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-8478","1759-8486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-8478","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-8486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]}}}