{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:03:49Z","timestamp":1789380229591,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J NeuroIntervent Surg"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) can be treated curatively by endovascular embolization. However, limited data exist on late recanalization rates. We investigated the rate of late bAVM recanalization following complete endovascular obliteration, confirmed by primary control angiography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study on late recurrences in adult patients with bAVMs after complete endovascular obliteration at a Radboud \u2013 Isala - MUMC+ (RIM) collaborative AVM center in the Netherlands between 2014 and 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Additionally, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the rate of late recanalization following complete endovascular obliteration, confirmed on primary control angiography, in adults with bAVMs. The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024546875).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our retrospective study revealed 42 adult patients treated by endovascular means only; 90.5% (38 patients with mean age of 48.1 years) had confirmed complete obliteration. Both primary (6 months post-treatment) and secondary (more than 1 year post-treatment) angiographic control confirmed complete obliteration in 21 of 23 patients with complete follow-up. Mean follow-up was 47.8 months. Two late recurrences (9.5%) were detected at 5- and 6-years' follow-up imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Our systematic review included two studies encompassing a total of 19 patients with mean angiographical follow-up of 20.8 months. There were no late recurrences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Late bAVM recurrence after endovascular treatment with proven complete obliteration may be underestimated owing to limited long-term follow-up. Our findings suggest that after a 6-month angiographic confirmed obliteration, a 5-year angiographic imaging control is justified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2025-024046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T11:10:27Z","timestamp":1760699427000},"page":"2051-2056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the need for late angiography for complete obliteration of AVMs after endovascular treatment: collaborative AVM center experience and a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0435-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elle","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fons","family":"Potters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, Overste, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Podlogar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilmar M T","family":"Jolink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Isala Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1640-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roel","family":"Haeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum+, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart A J M","family":"Wagemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Staals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5921-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F J A","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catharina J M","family":"Klijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3971-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saman","family":"Vinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"De Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, Radboud 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