{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:00:00Z","timestamp":1791345600171,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,29]],"date-time":"2013-05-29T07:13:51Z","timestamp":1369811631000},"page":"1250-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline and dementia in older people independently of cerebral white matter changes: the LADIS study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Verdelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Madureira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Moleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Poggesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Pantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Fazekas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Scheltens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunhild","family":"Waldemar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Wallin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Erkinjuntti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Inzitari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the LADIS Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1177\/153331750401900610","article-title":"Relationship between subjective memory complaints, objective memory performance, and depression among older adults","volume":"19","author":"Zandi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.019","article-title":"Cognitive function in late life depression: Relationships to depression severity, cerebrovascular risk factors and processing speed","volume":"60","author":"Sheline","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.5.425","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in nondemented elderly women","volume":"56","author":"Yaffe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2006.05.011","article-title":"Executive dysfunction and memory in older patients with major and minor depression","volume":"21","author":"Elderkin-Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.6.587","article-title":"The nature and determinants of neuropsychological functioning in late-life depression","volume":"61","author":"Butters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000203130.45421.69","article-title":"Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits in the remitted state of late-life depression","volume":"14","author":"Bhalla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.5.753","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease: The MIRAGE Study","volume":"60","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.12.1073","article-title":"Depressive symptomatology and incident cognitive decline in an elderly community sample","volume":"55","author":"Bassuk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000308937.30473.d1","article-title":"History of depression, depressive symptoms and medial temporal lobe atrophy and the risk of Alzheimer disease","volume":"70","author":"Geerlings","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.364","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons","volume":"59","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.5.530","article-title":"Depression and risk for Alzheimer disease: systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression analysis","volume":"63","author":"Ownby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181aad1fe","article-title":"Depressed mood is not a risk factor for incident dementia in a community-based cohort","volume":"17","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e62138","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"75","author":"Saczynski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-101614","article-title":"Depression history, depressive symptoms, and incident dementia: The 3C Study","volume":"28","author":"Lenoir","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2006","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, vascular risk factors, and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Luchsinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.3.273","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, vascular disease, and mild cognitive impairment: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"63","author":"Barnes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.10.1280","article-title":"Cognition and white matter hyperintensities in older depressed patients","volume":"153","author":"Lesser","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.6.1567","article-title":"MRI and neuropsychological differences in early- and late-life-onset geriatric depression","volume":"46","author":"Salloway","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.438","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning and MRI signal hyperintensities in geriatric depression","volume":"156","author":"Kramer-Ginsberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.501","article-title":"MRI white matter hyperintensities, (1) H-MR spectroscopy and cognitive function in geriatric depression: a comparison of early- and late-onset cases","volume":"16","author":"Murata","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07010175","article-title":"Regional white matter hyperintensity burden in automated segmentation distinguishes late-life depressed subjects from comparison subjects matched for vascular risk factors","volume":"165","author":"Sheline","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JGP.0000214558.63358.94","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities rather than lacunar infarcts are associated with depressive symptoms in older people: the LADIS study","volume":"14","author":"O'Brien","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1596","article-title":"Relationship between periventricular and deep white matter lesions and depressive symptoms in older people. The LADIS Study","volume":"21","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.036756","article-title":"White matter changes and late-life depressive symptoms: longitudinal study","volume":"191","author":"Teodorczuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.098897","article-title":"Relationship between progression of brain white matter changes and late-life depression: 3-year results from the LADIS study","volume":"201","author":"Firbank","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1159\/000334498","article-title":"2001\u20132011: a decade of the LADIS (Leukoaraiosis And DISability) Study: what have we learned about white matter changes and small-vessel disease?","volume":"32","author":"LADIS Study Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000081050","article-title":"Impact of age-related cerebral white matter changes on the transition to disability\u2014The LADIS study: rationale, design and methodology","volume":"24","author":"Pantoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000095381","article-title":"Development of a neuropsychological battery for a multinational study: the LADIS","volume":"27","author":"Madureira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-29","first-page":"421","article-title":"MR signal abnormalities at 1.5T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging","volume":"8","author":"Fazekas","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-31","first-page":"709","article-title":"Geriatric Depression Scale","volume":"24","author":"Yesavage","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.10.967","article-title":"Atrophy of the medial temporal lobes on MRI in probable Alzheimer's disease and normal aging: diagnostic value and neuropsychological correlates","volume":"55","author":"Scheltens","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e7ca05","article-title":"White matter changes and diabetes predict cognitive decline in the elderly: The LADIS study","volume":"75","author":"Verdelho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.60","article-title":"Depression and risk of developing dementia","volume":"7","author":"Byers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1111","article-title":"Temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment: the Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging","volume":"17","author":"Panza","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0018-506X(02)00016-8","article-title":"Neuroendocrine aspects of hypercortisolism in major depression","volume":"43","author":"Parker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.03.008","article-title":"Effect of mental and physical stress on platelet activation markers in depressed patients and healthy subjects: a pilot study","volume":"127","author":"Lederbogen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.14.2101","article-title":"Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment. Meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence","volume":"160","author":"DiMatteo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31821f1b6a","article-title":"Depressive symptoms and risk for dementia: A 9-year follow-up of the Maastricht Aging Study","volume":"19","author":"K\u00f6hler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709990857","article-title":"Relationship between baseline white-matter changes and development of late-life depressive symptoms: 3-year results from the LADIS study","volume":"40","author":"Teodorczuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.9.785","article-title":"Ischemic basis for deep white matter hyperintensities in major depression: a neuropathological study","volume":"59","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.078816","article-title":"Neuropathological correlates of late-life depression in older people","volume":"198","author":"Tsopelas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T23:58:34Z","timestamp":1688255914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,28]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,28]]}}}