{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T00:51:43Z","timestamp":1794358303444,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T23:48:40Z","timestamp":1385077720000},"page":"660-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":603,"title":["Long-term prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"M. T. C.","family":"Poon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. F.","family":"Fonville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Al-Shahi Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70340-0","article-title":"Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"van Asch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70025-0","article-title":"Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Feigin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.6.773","article-title":"Recurrent brain haemorrhage is more frequent than ischemic stroke after intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"56","author":"Bailey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7514.439","article-title":"Should a patient with primary intracerebral haemorrhage receive antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy?","volume":"331","author":"Wani","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70107-2","article-title":"Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study","volume":"6","author":"Lovelock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws349","article-title":"Intracerebral haemorrhage profiles are changing: results from the Dijon population-based study","volume":"136","author":"Bejot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-7","first-page":"CD005951","article-title":"Haemostatic drug therapies for acute spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage","volume":"4","author":"Al-Shahi Salman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-2-23","article-title":"Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound prognostic studies in MEDLINE: an analytic survey","volume":"2","author":"Wilczynski","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"339","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.11.1617","article-title":"Seizures after stroke: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"57","author":"Bladin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000015906","article-title":"Recurrence of bleeding in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Bae","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02739.x","article-title":"Investigators of the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network. Impact of seizures on morbidity and mortality after stroke: a Canadian multi-centre cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Burneo","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.6.796","article-title":"Long-term survival after first-ever stroke: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project","volume":"24","author":"Dennis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:5:3:197","article-title":"Location and outcome of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"5","author":"Flaherty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.8.653","article-title":"Prognostic factors in patients with intracerebral haematoma","volume":"55","author":"Franke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.8.1089","article-title":"Seizures after primary intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"39","author":"Faught","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.055145","article-title":"Long term survival after primary intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective population based study","volume":"76","author":"Fogelholm","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000015890","article-title":"Influence of clinical factors, CT findings and early management on outcome in supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"9","author":"Hardemark","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.038166","article-title":"Ten year recurrence after first ever stroke in a Japanese community: the Hisayama study","volume":"76","author":"Hata","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.1.123","article-title":"Rate of stroke recurrence in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"31","author":"Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000072985.24967.7F","article-title":"South London SR. Cause of stroke recurrence is multifactorial: patterns, risk factors, and outcomes of stroke recurrence in the South London Stroke Register","volume":"34","author":"Hillen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.2.294","article-title":"Community Hospital-based Stroke Programs: North Carolina, Oregon, and New York. III. Factors influencing survival after stroke: proportional hazards analysis of 4219 patients","volume":"17","author":"Howard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000054765","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in the incidence, mortality and prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage in Finnish Adult Population. The FINMONICA Stroke Register","volume":"20","author":"Jakovljevic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540360071018","article-title":"Risk factors for impaired outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"52","author":"Juvela","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.573543","article-title":"Quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) and loss of QALE for patients with ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage: a 13-year follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181dd425a","article-title":"White matter lesions and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"74","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-27","first-page":"892","article-title":"[Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke]. [Chinese]","volume":"88","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chung-Hua i Hsueh Tsa Chih [Chin Med J]"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1159\/000093241","article-title":"Subtypes and one-year survival of first-ever stroke in Chinese patients: The Nanjing Stroke Registry","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.3.0531","article-title":"Prediction of death in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective study of a defined population","volume":"97","author":"Nilsson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.7.1189","article-title":"Recurrence of bleeding in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"26","author":"Passero","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000170086","article-title":"Incidence of stroke subtypes in the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS): differences between men and women","volume":"32","author":"Thrift","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn318","article-title":"SIVMS Steering Committee and the Oxford Vascular Study. Outcome after spontaneous and arteriovenous malformation-related intracerebral haemorrhage: population-based studies","volume":"132","author":"van Beijnum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000047677","article-title":"Impact of stroke type on survival and functional health","volume":"12","author":"van","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.2.205","article-title":"Long-term prognosis after recovery from primary intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"59","author":"Vermeer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.5.595","article-title":"Prognosis of stroke in the south of Greece: 1\u2005year mortality, functional outcome and its determinants: the Arcadia Stroke Registry","volume":"69","author":"Vemmos","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01704.x","article-title":"One-year outcome after first-ever stroke according to stroke subtype, severity, risk factors and pre-stroke treatment. A population-based study from Tartu, Estonia","volume":"14","author":"Vibo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.556324","article-title":"Three-year survival and stroke recurrence rates in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"40","author":"Zia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.10.1320","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"65","author":"Zubkov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.9.1806","article-title":"Blood pressure control and recurrence of hypertensive brain hemorrhage","volume":"29","author":"Arakawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.09.039","article-title":"Recurrent primary intracerebral hemorrhage in Izumo City, Japan","volume":"64","author":"Inagawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1159\/000322155","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage: association with large hematoma volume and poor outcome","volume":"31","author":"Molshatzki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-42","first-page":"74","article-title":"Recurrent primary intracerebral hemorrhage: a hospital based study","volume":"16","author":"Yen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurologica Taiwanica"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000079258","article-title":"Long-term prognosis, by stroke subtypes, after a first-ever stroke: a hospital-based study over a 20-year period","volume":"18","author":"Yokota","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-44","first-page":"367","article-title":"Using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to predict the mortality and outcome of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage","volume":"14","author":"Cheung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-45","first-page":"95","article-title":"Outcomes after first-ever stroke","volume":"13","author":"Cheung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.172098","article-title":"Incidence of stroke subtypes, prognosis and prevalence of risk factors in Joinville, Brazil: a 2\u2005year community based study","volume":"80","author":"Cabral","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000198868.78546.fc","article-title":"The impact of functional status at three months on long-term survival after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"37","author":"Saloheimo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.523209","article-title":"Incidence and 10-year survival of intracerebral hemorrhage in a population-based registry","volume":"40","author":"Sacco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-49","first-page":"100","article-title":"[Functional prognosis of stroke in countries in the process of development: Senegal]. [French]","volume":"49","author":"Sene","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Readapt Med Phys"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-50","first-page":"308","article-title":"Primary intracerebral haemorrhage in Malaysia: in-hospital mortality and outcome in patients from a hospital based registry","volume":"62","author":"Sia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.586909","article-title":"ChinaQUEST I. Comparison of recovery patterns and prognostic indicators for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in China: the ChinaQUEST (QUality Evaluation of Stroke Care and Treatment) Registry study","volume":"41","author":"Wei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000067119","article-title":"Management patterns and health care use after intracerebral hemorrhage. a cost-of-illness study from a societal perspective in Germany","volume":"15","author":"Weimar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000330643","article-title":"German Stroke SC. Recurrent stroke after lobar and deep intracerebral hemorrhage: a hospital-based cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Weimar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001273420403","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of recurrent lobar intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"342","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66779-7","article-title":"Incidence, 30-day case-fatality rate, and prognosis of stroke in Iquique, Chile: a 2-year community-based prospective study (PISCIS project)","volume":"365","author":"Lavados","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.891","article-title":"The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"32","author":"Hemphill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1101.098523","article-title":"Management and prognostic features of intracerebral hemorrhage during anticoagulant therapy: a Swedish multicenter study","volume":"32","author":"Sjoblom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5595","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5595","article-title":"Prognosis research strategy (PROGRESS) 1: a framework for researching clinical outcomes","volume":"346","author":"Hemingway","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000126807.69758.0e","article-title":"Hemorrhage burden predicts recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage after lobar hemorrhage","volume":"35","author":"Greenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476-60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f735e5","article-title":"Prior antiplatelet therapy and outcome following intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"75","author":"Thompson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T13:53:39Z","timestamp":1601042019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306476","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]}}}