{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T10:29:00Z","timestamp":1789122540614,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]],"date-time":"2014-03-13T03:16:28Z","timestamp":1394680588000},"page":"1260-1264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Cerebral infarction and tuberculoma in central nervous system tuberculosis: frequency and prognostic implications"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Wasay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. A.","family":"Khowaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. A.","family":"Bawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Beg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M.","family":"Mehndiratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Global Tuberculosis Control. 2011. http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-2","volume-title":"Infections of the central nervous system","author":"Scheld","year":"2004"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-3","first-page":"5","article-title":"The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis","volume":"52","author":"Rich","year":"1933","journal-title":"Bull John Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)00616-9","article-title":"Pathology and pathogenetic mechanisms in neurotuberculosis","volume":"33","author":"Dastur","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1086\/502631","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis invasion and traversal across an in vitro human blood-brain barrier as a pathogenic mechanism for central nervous system tuberculosis","volume":"193","author":"Jain","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-198803000-00017","article-title":"MR imaging of intracranial tuberculomas","volume":"12","author":"Gupta","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/47.1.5","article-title":"Tuberculous granulomas in childhood tuberculous meningitis: radiological features and course","volume":"47","author":"Ravenscroft","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5149(25)00635-5","article-title":"Central Nervous system tuberculosis: imaging manifestations","author":"Shah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin. B Am"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/1051228403013003007","article-title":"Brain CT and MRI findings in 100 consecutive patients with intracranial tuberculoma","volume":"13","author":"Wasay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimaging"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-10","first-page":"417","article-title":"Tuberculosis","volume-title":"Infections of the central nervous system","author":"Zuger","year":"1977","edition":"2"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389501000417","article-title":"Serial CT scanning in childhood tuberculous meningitis: prognostic features in 198 cases","volume":"10","author":"Schoeman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0319-7","article-title":"Distribution of brain infarction in children with tuberculous meningitis and correlation with outcome score at 6 months","volume":"36","author":"Andronikou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2008.07.004","article-title":"Cerebral infarction and neurodevelopmental outcome in childhood tuberculous meningitis","volume":"13","author":"Springer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-14","first-page":"25","article-title":"Cerebral infarction in tuberculous meningitis","volume":"6","author":"Taqui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Neurological sciences"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-15","first-page":"582","article-title":"Streptomycin treatment of tuberculous meningitis","volume":"1","author":"British Medical and research council","year":"1948","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/003693305700200504","article-title":"Cerebrovascular accidents in patients over the age of 60","volume":"2","author":"Rankin","year":"1957","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.12.1497","article-title":"Modification of Rankin scale: Recovery of motor function after stroke","volume":"19","author":"Bonita","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723213","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for tuberculous meningitis","volume":"69","author":"Seth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-19","article-title":"Impact of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination on neuroradiological manifestations of pediatric tuberculous meningitis","author":"Wasay","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/01.smj.0000209231.88651.07","article-title":"Central nervous system tuberculosis and paradoxical response (Editorial)","volume":"99","author":"Wasay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Southern Medical Journal"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000092357","article-title":"Paradoxical response to chemotherapy in neurotuberculosis","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001677","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001677","article-title":"Screening for HIV among tuberculosis patients: a cross-sectional study in Sindh, Pakistan","volume":"2","author":"Hasnain","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.05.045","article-title":"Central nervous system tuberculoma","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-24","first-page":"234","article-title":"Intracranial tuberculomas in patients with tuberculous meningitis: predictors and prognostic significance","volume":"15","author":"Anuradha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-25","first-page":"83","article-title":"Prognostic indicators in patients with intracranial tuberculoma: a review of 102 cases","volume":"54","author":"Wasay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.07.012","article-title":"Tuberculous cerebrovascular disease: a review","volume":"59","author":"Lammie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70168-6","article-title":"Tuberculous meningitis: more questions, still too few answers","volume":"12","author":"Thwaites","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2010.02256.x","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and treatment delay of cerebral infarction in tuberculous meningitis","volume":"42","author":"Sheu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70034-0","article-title":"Serial MRI to determine the effect of dexamethasone on the cerebral pathology of tuberculous meningitis: an observational study","volume":"6","author":"Thwaites","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.03.025","article-title":"Role of aspirin in tuberculous meningitis: a randomized open label placebo controlled trial","volume":"293","author":"Misra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811398132","article-title":"The role of aspirin in childhood tuberculous meningitis","volume":"26","author":"Schoeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.12.009","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis: Incidence, its predictive factors and impact on the prognosis","volume":"66","author":"Raut","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2006.00032.x","article-title":"Neuroimaging of Tuberculous myelitis","volume":"16","author":"Wasay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T01:47:33Z","timestamp":1746150453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-307178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]]}}}