{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:37:52Z","timestamp":1791959872040,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,10]],"date-time":"2014-07-10T01:49:31Z","timestamp":1404956971000},"page":"565-573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Plasma neurofilament heavy chain levels and disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Ching-Hua","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Topping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kezia","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrie","family":"Macdonald-Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Giovannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Fratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Sidle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Orrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Greensmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Malaspina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/17482960802521126","article-title":"Awaji diagnostic algorithm increases sensitivity of El Escorial criteria for ALS diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Carvalho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.11.026","article-title":"Factors affecting the diagnostic delay in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"114","author":"Cellura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960802566824","article-title":"Prognostic factors in ALS: a critical review","volume":"10","author":"Chio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(01)00188-3","article-title":"The diagnostic interval in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"104","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.03.028","article-title":"The diagnostic pathway and prognosis in bulbar-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"294","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-6","first-page":"631","article-title":"Biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: opportunities and limitations. Nature reviews","volume":"7","author":"Bowser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.04.011","article-title":"Riluzole therapy for motor neurone disease: an early Australian experience (1996\u20132002)","volume":"13","author":"Zoing","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphoforms: surrogate markers for axonal injury, degeneration and loss","volume":"233","author":"Petzold","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198811000-00007","article-title":"Phosphorylation of neurofilaments is altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Manetto","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203120.85850.54","article-title":"Axonal damage markers in cerebrospinal fluid are increased in ALS","volume":"66","author":"Brettschneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07224.x","article-title":"Combination of neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 as CSF biomarkers for ALS","volume":"117","author":"Ganesalingam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03219-0","article-title":"Elevated neurofilament levels in neurological diseases","volume":"987","author":"Norgren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67052013.x","article-title":"Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases have increased levels of neurofilament protein in CSF","volume":"67","author":"Rosengren","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03777.x","article-title":"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a possible marker of disease severity and progression","volume":"19","author":"Tortelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01972.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: impact of SOD1 genotype","volume":"14","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06386.x","article-title":"Immunoreactivity of the phosphorylated axonal neurofilament H subunit (pNF-H) in blood of ALS model rodents and ALS patients: evaluation of blood pNF-H as a potential ALS biomarker","volume":"111","author":"Boylan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303768","article-title":"Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) in peripheral blood and CSF as a potential prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"84","author":"Boylan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.235952","article-title":"Phenotypic heterogeneity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population based study","volume":"82","author":"Chio","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536","article-title":"El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Brooks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.085175","article-title":"Axonal damage and outcome in subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"77","author":"Petzold","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22169","article-title":"Evidence for acute neurotoxicity after chemotherapy","volume":"68","author":"Petzold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"(Pt 2)","key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq360","article-title":"In vivo monitoring of neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study","volume":"134","author":"Petzold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c47cc2","article-title":"A consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking","volume":"73","author":"Teunissen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.11.026","article-title":"A method to solubilise protein aggregates for immunoassay quantification which overcomes the neurofilament \u201chook\u201d effect","volume":"195","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-25","first-page":"1","article-title":"Runmlwin: a program to run the MLwiN multilevel modeling software from within Stata","volume":"52","author":"Leckie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2013.765369","article-title":"Autoantibodies to nervous system-specific proteins are elevated in sera of flight crew members: biomarkers for nervous system injury","volume":"76","author":"Abou-Donia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health A"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)00219-0","article-title":"Serum autoantibodies to neurofilament proteins in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"154","author":"Couratier","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.03.009","article-title":"Serum and cerebrospinal fluid heavy neurofilaments and antibodies against them in early multiple sclerosis","volume":"259","author":"Fialova","year":"2013;","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02853.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid and serum antibodies against neurofilaments in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Fialova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305494","article-title":"Immune reactivity to neurofilament proteins in the clinical staging of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"85","author":"Puentes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-013-9542-y","article-title":"Large molecule specific assay operation: recommendation for best practices and harmonization from the global bioanalysis consortium harmonization team","volume":"16","author":"Stevenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40998","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040998","article-title":"Plasma neurofilament heavy chain levels correlate to markers of late stage disease progression and treatment response in SOD1 G93A mice that model ALS","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182904d43","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein in CSF of patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"80","author":"Mondello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19971030)16:20<2349::AID-SIM667>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data","volume":"16","author":"Cnaan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990530)18:10<1215::AID-SIM118>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Estimation and comparison of rates of change in longitudinal studies with informative drop-outs","volume":"18","author":"Touloumi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stat Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T17:55:55Z","timestamp":1601056555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnnp.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307672","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3050","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-330X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]]}}}